Histological changes in the experimentally damaged bone tissue of rabbits following injection of stem cells
Abstract
Bone defects are the results of pathological factors that disrupt the integrity of the bones and cause losses of the bone ti s sue or its absence. Disruption or hindering of the regeneration processes of the damaged bone tissue due to complications occur at a quite high rate and are the main problems in the bone tissue engineering. An effective treatment option is mese n chymal stem cells of mammals. In fact, they are considered the most promising type of autoimmune and allogeneic material in the cell regeneration therapy. We conducted a histological analysis of the damaged tibia of the rabbits following the inje c tion of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells. For this purpose, we used the mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow of the rabbits. The cells were cultivated in a CO 2 incubator using standard methods. The injury of the bone tissue was modeled using a surgical drill on the three-month-old rabbits of the chinchilla breed, in the middle third part of the diaphysis of the tibia. The animals were locally injected with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells. The tissue samples from the defect region for histological studies were collected on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42. The obtained histological sections from the injured area had been stained with hematoxylin-eosin and were analyzed under a microscope. The histological analysis of the experime n tally damaged tibia revealed that the injection of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells expedited the formation of fibrous co n nective tissue and fibrocartilage callus, stimulated osteogenesis, and promoted a consolidation of the bone tissue. At the same time, we observed the healing of the defect, which completed almost on day 28 of the study in the experimental animals, in contrast to day 42 in the control animals. We assume that mesenchymal stem cells – as multipotent stem cells – have imm u nomodulating properties and the capacity to osteogenically differentiate. Also, we think that allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells intensified the regeneration processes and enhanced the phases of reparative osteogenesis in the defect zone of the tibia.References
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