The content of leukocytes in the blood of recipient rabbits after allogeneic transfusion of packed red blood cells
Keywords:
packed red blood cells; allogeneic transfusion; absolute content of white blood cells; relative content of white blood cells; T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes
Abstract
Researching how the immune system reacts to stimuli such as blood transfusion of alloantigens on models of different species of laboratory animals, in particular rabbits, is important for understanding the mechanisms through which post-transfusion reactions develop. In this study, we identified the absolute and relative contents of white blood cells in blood of the recipient rabbits, and also their subpopulations after allogenic transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBCs). Allogeneic transfusion of pRBCs without leukoreduction was conducted once, in the calculation of 5.5 mL/kg of body mass of the experimental animals. The material for the studies were samples of blood serum, collected from 5 rabbits on the 3rd, 7th, and 23rd days after pRBC administration. Allogeneic transfusion of pRBCs to the recipient rabbits caused development of leukocytosis in their blood: compared with the initial condition, the absolute content of leukocytes in the blood of the experimental animals increased 27.0% on the 3rd day after transfusion, equaling 8.94 109/L; 40.1% on the 7th day, accounting for 9.86 109/L; and 34.1% on the 23rd day, measuring 9.44 109/L. Leukocytosis resulted from increased content of granulocytes in the blood compared with the initial state: the absolute content of granulocytes surged 66.9% on the 3rd day after transfusion, measuring 4.54 109/L, 2.21-fold on the 7th day, equaling 6.02 109/L, and 1.87-fold on the 23rd day, equaling 5.08 109/L. Allogeneic transfusion of pRBCs to the recipient rabbits caused decrease in the relative content of Т-lymphocytes and increase in the content of В-lymphocytes in their blood. Compared with the initial condition, the relative content of Т-lymphocytes in the blood of the experimental animals declined 20.6% on the 3rd day of the study, accounting for 58.0%; 30.1% on the 7th day, equaling 51.0%; and 25.8% on the 23rd day, equaling 54.2%. Compared with the initial state, the relative content of В-lymphocytes spiked 94.7% on the 3rd day of the study, measuring 22.2%, 2.23-fold on the 7th day, accounting for 25.4%, and 2.51-fold on the 23rd day, equaling 28.6%.References
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Brand, A. (2002). Immunological aspects of blood transfusions. Transplant Immu-nology, 10, 183–190.
Callan, M. B., Patel, R. T., Rux, A. H., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sireci, A. N., O'Donnell, P. A., Ruane, T., Sikora, T., Marryott, K., Sachais, B. S., & Hod, E. A. (2013). Transfusion of 28-day-old leucoreduced or nonleucoreduced stored red blood cells induces an inflammatory response in healthy dogs. Vox Sanguinis, 105, 319–327.
Chiaramonte, D. (2004). Blood-component therapy: Selection, administration and monitoring. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, 19, 63–67.
Chin-Yee, I., Arya, N., & d’Almeida, M. S. (1997). The red cell storage lesion and its implication for transfusion. Transfusion Science, 18, 447–458.
Claus, M. A., Poh, D., Smart, L., Purcell, S. L., Boyd, C. J., & Sharp, C. R. (2022). Effect of leukoreduction on inflammation in critically ill dogs receiving red blood cell transfusions: A randomized blinded controlled clinical trial. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 36(4), 1248–1257.
Corsi, R., McMichael, M. A., Smith, S. A., O'Brien, M., Herring, J., Ngwenyama, T. R., Galligan, A., Beloshapka, A. N., Deng, P., & Swanson, K. S. (2014). Cy-tokine concentration in stored canine erythrocyte concentrates. Journal of Vete-rinary Emergency and Critical Care, 24, 259–263.
Cotter, S. M. (1991). History of transfusion medicine. Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine, 36, 1–8.
Cummings, K. A., Abelson, A. L., Rozanski, E. A., & Sharp, C. R. (2016). The effect of storage on ammonia, cytokine, and chemokine concentrations in feline whole blood. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 26, 639–645.
Davidow, B. (2013). Transfusion medicine in small animals. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 43(4), 735–756.
Davidow, E. B., Blois, S. L., Goy-Thollot, I., Harris, L., Musulin, S., Nash, K. J., Sharp, C. R., Spada, E., Thomason, J., Walton, J., & Wardrop, K. J. (2021). Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) Transfusion Reaction Small Animal Consensus Statement (TRACS). Part 1: Definitions and clinical signs. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 31(2), 141–166.
Duda, Y. V., & Prus, M. P. (2019). Proteinogram and indicators of immunity of rabbits under the influence of pasalurosis with different levels of intensity of in-vasion. Herald of Agrarian Science of the Black Sea Region, 4, 61–70.
Fastag, E., Varon, J., & Sternbach, G. (2013). Richard Lower: The origins of blood transfusion. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 44(6), 1146–1150.
Feldman, B. F., & Kristensen, A. T. (1995). Modern veterinary blood banking practices and their applications in companion animal practice. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 25, 1231–1243.
Fenwick, J. C., Cameron, M., Naiman, S. C., Haley, L. P., Ronco, J. J., Wiggs, B. R., & Tweeddale, M. G. (1994). Blood transfusion as a cause of leucocytosis in critically ill patients. The Lancet, 344(8926), 855–856.
Frey, B. (2002). Transfusion in premature infants impairs production and/or release of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 38(3), 265–267.
Hardy, J. F., de Moerloose, P., & Samama, M. (2004). Massive transfusion and coagulopathy: Pathophysiology and implications for clinical management. Ca-nadian Journal of Anesthesia, 51, 293–310.
Harrell, K. A., & Kristensen, A. T. (1995). Canine transfusion reactions and their management. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 25(6), 1333–1364.
Hébert, P. C., Fergusson, D., Blajchman, M. A., Wells, G. A., Kmetic, A., Coyle, D., Heddle, N., Germain, M., Goldman, M., Toye, B., Schweitzer, I., van Walra-ven, C., Devine, D., & Graham, D. S. (2003). Clinical outcomes following institution of the Canadian universal leukoreduction program for red blood cell transfusions. Journal of American Medical Association, 289, 1941–1949.
Hendrick, J. E. (2020). Red blood cell alloimmunization and sickle cell disease: A narrative review on antibody induction. Annals of Blood, 5, 33.
Herring, J. M., Smith, S. A., McMichael, M. A., O'Brien, M., Ngwenyama, T. R., Corsi, R., Galligan, A., Beloshapka, A. N., Deng, P., & Swanson, K. S. (2013). Microparticles in stored canine RBC concentrates. Veterinary Clinical Patholo-gy, 42, 163–169.
Ibojie, J., Greiss, M., & Urbaniak, S. (2002). Limited efficacy of universal leucodep-letion in reducing the incidence of febrile nonhaemolytic reactions in red cell transfusions. Transfusion Medicine, 12, 181–185.
Izbicki, G., Rudensky, B., Na'amad, M., Hershko, C., Huerta, M., & Hersch, M. (2004). Transfusion-related leukocytosis in critically ill patients. Critical Care Medicine, 32, 439–442.
Kenichiro, Y., & Holowaychuk, M. (2016). Manual of veterinary transfusion medicine and blood banking. Wiley Blackwell, Oxford.
Kristensen, A. T., & Feldman, B. F. (1995). General principles of small animal blood component administration. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 25, 1277–1290.
Kristiansson, M., Soop, M., Saraste, L., & Sundqvist, K. G. (1996). Cytokines in stored red blood cell concentrates: Promoters of systemic inflammation and si-mulators of acute transfusion reactions? Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 40, 496–501.
Kumar, R. (2017). Blood transfusion in veterinary medicine. Hematology and Transfusion International Journal, 4(4), 116–122.
Lanevschi, A., & Wardrop, K. J. (2001). Principles of transfusion medicine in small animals. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 42, 447–454.
Lebedev, K. A. (1996). Immunologija v klinicheskoj praktike [Immunology in clinical practice]. Elektronnaja Medicinskaja Kniga, Moscow (in Russian).
Lozano, L. B., Blois, S. L., Wood, R. D., Abrams-Ogg, A. C., Bersenas, A. M., Bateman, S. W., & Richardson, D. M. (2019). A pilot study evaluating the ef-fects of prestorage leukoreduction on markers of inflammation in critically ill dogs receiving a blood transfusion. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Criti-cal Care, 29(4), 385–390.
Malyuk, M. О., Yehorov, O. V., & Kulida, M. A. (2023). Effects of allogeneic blood transfusion on the immunity parameters in recipient rabbits. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 14(2), 290–294.
Mazurkevych, A. Y., Skybitskyi, V. G., Kharkevych, Y. O., Danilov, V. B., Malyuk, M. O., & Kovpak, V. V. (2014). Veterynarna imunolohiya [Veterinary immunology]. Agroosvita, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
McMichael, M., Smith, S., Galligan, A., Swanson, K. S., & Fan, T. M. (2010). Effect of leukoreduction on transfusion-induced inflammation in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24, 1131–1137.
Molina-Aguilar, R., Gómez-Ruiz, S., Vela-Ojeda, J., Montiel-Cervantes, L. A., & Reyes-Maldonado, E. (2020). Pathophysiology of alloimmunization. Transfu-sion Medicine and Hemotherapy, 47(2), 152–159.
Poh, D., Claus, M., Smart, L., & Sharp, C. R. (2021). Transfusion practice in Australia: An internet-based survey. Australian Veterinary Journal, 99(4), 108–113.
Purcell, S. L., Claus, M., Hosgood, G., & Smart, L. (2015). Effect of leukoreduction on concentrations of interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in canine packed red blood cells during storage. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 76, 969–974.
Radulescu, S. M., Skulberg, R., McDonald, C., Chan, D. L., & Humm, K. (2021). Randomized double-blinded clinical trial on acute transfusion reactions in dogs receiving leukoreduced versus nonleukoreduced packed red blood cells. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 35(3), 1325–1332.
Remy, K. E., Hall, M. W., Cholette, J., Juffermans, N. P., Nicol, K., Blumberg, N., Spinella, P. C., Norris, P. J., Dahmer, M. K., Muszynski, J. A., & Pediatric Criti-cal Care Blood Research Network (2018). Mechanisms of red blood cell trans-fusion-related immunomodulation. Transfusion, 58(3), 804–815.
Rozanski, E., & de Laforcade, A. M. (2004). Transfusion medicine in veterinary emergency and critical care medicine. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, 19, 83–87.
Saleh, E., & Walsh, T. S. (2013). Leucocytosis following transfusion with leucodepleted red cells to non-bleeding critically ill patients. Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 14(1), 11–14.
Shanwell, A., Kristiansson, M., Remberger, M., & Ringdén, O. (1997). Generation of cytokines in red cell concentrates during storage is prevented by prestorage white cell reduction. Transfusion, 37, 678–684.
Sreethu, C., Amita, R., & Debasish, G. (2022). Investigating non-immune haemolytic transfusion reactions in surgical patients. Transfusion Medicine, 32(6), 512–516.
Thomovsky, E. J., & Bach, J. (2014). Incidence of acute lung injury in dogs receiving transfusions. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 244(2), 170–174.
Tocci, L. J., & Ewing, P. J. (2009). Increasing patient safety in veterinary transfusion medicine: An overview of pretransfusion testing. Journal of Veterinary Emer-gency and Critical Care, 19, 66–73.
Wadhwa, M., Seghatchian, M., Dilger, P., Contreras, M., & Thorpe, R. (2000). Cytokine accumulation in stored red cell concentrates: Effect of buffy-coat re-moval and leucoreduction. Transfusion Science, 23, 7–16.
Wang, R. R., Triulzi, D. J., & Qu, L. (2012). Effects of prestorage vs poststorage leukoreduction on the rate of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions to platelets. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 138, 255–259.
Wright, I. M., & Skinner, A. M. (2001). Post-transfusion white cell count in the sick preterm neonate. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 37(1), 44–46.
Zhipeng, Z., Dasheng, W., Yiyang, Y., Jiayu, Y., Zhangping, Y., & Yi, Y. (2023). Characterization of T-cell subsets in response to foot-and-mouth disease biva-lent inactivated vaccine in Chinese Holstein cows. Microbiology Spectrum, 2023, e0102923.
Brand, A. (2002). Immunological aspects of blood transfusions. Transplant Immu-nology, 10, 183–190.
Callan, M. B., Patel, R. T., Rux, A. H., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sireci, A. N., O'Donnell, P. A., Ruane, T., Sikora, T., Marryott, K., Sachais, B. S., & Hod, E. A. (2013). Transfusion of 28-day-old leucoreduced or nonleucoreduced stored red blood cells induces an inflammatory response in healthy dogs. Vox Sanguinis, 105, 319–327.
Chiaramonte, D. (2004). Blood-component therapy: Selection, administration and monitoring. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, 19, 63–67.
Chin-Yee, I., Arya, N., & d’Almeida, M. S. (1997). The red cell storage lesion and its implication for transfusion. Transfusion Science, 18, 447–458.
Claus, M. A., Poh, D., Smart, L., Purcell, S. L., Boyd, C. J., & Sharp, C. R. (2022). Effect of leukoreduction on inflammation in critically ill dogs receiving red blood cell transfusions: A randomized blinded controlled clinical trial. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 36(4), 1248–1257.
Corsi, R., McMichael, M. A., Smith, S. A., O'Brien, M., Herring, J., Ngwenyama, T. R., Galligan, A., Beloshapka, A. N., Deng, P., & Swanson, K. S. (2014). Cy-tokine concentration in stored canine erythrocyte concentrates. Journal of Vete-rinary Emergency and Critical Care, 24, 259–263.
Cotter, S. M. (1991). History of transfusion medicine. Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine, 36, 1–8.
Cummings, K. A., Abelson, A. L., Rozanski, E. A., & Sharp, C. R. (2016). The effect of storage on ammonia, cytokine, and chemokine concentrations in feline whole blood. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 26, 639–645.
Davidow, B. (2013). Transfusion medicine in small animals. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 43(4), 735–756.
Davidow, E. B., Blois, S. L., Goy-Thollot, I., Harris, L., Musulin, S., Nash, K. J., Sharp, C. R., Spada, E., Thomason, J., Walton, J., & Wardrop, K. J. (2021). Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) Transfusion Reaction Small Animal Consensus Statement (TRACS). Part 1: Definitions and clinical signs. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 31(2), 141–166.
Duda, Y. V., & Prus, M. P. (2019). Proteinogram and indicators of immunity of rabbits under the influence of pasalurosis with different levels of intensity of in-vasion. Herald of Agrarian Science of the Black Sea Region, 4, 61–70.
Fastag, E., Varon, J., & Sternbach, G. (2013). Richard Lower: The origins of blood transfusion. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 44(6), 1146–1150.
Feldman, B. F., & Kristensen, A. T. (1995). Modern veterinary blood banking practices and their applications in companion animal practice. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 25, 1231–1243.
Fenwick, J. C., Cameron, M., Naiman, S. C., Haley, L. P., Ronco, J. J., Wiggs, B. R., & Tweeddale, M. G. (1994). Blood transfusion as a cause of leucocytosis in critically ill patients. The Lancet, 344(8926), 855–856.
Frey, B. (2002). Transfusion in premature infants impairs production and/or release of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 38(3), 265–267.
Hardy, J. F., de Moerloose, P., & Samama, M. (2004). Massive transfusion and coagulopathy: Pathophysiology and implications for clinical management. Ca-nadian Journal of Anesthesia, 51, 293–310.
Harrell, K. A., & Kristensen, A. T. (1995). Canine transfusion reactions and their management. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 25(6), 1333–1364.
Hébert, P. C., Fergusson, D., Blajchman, M. A., Wells, G. A., Kmetic, A., Coyle, D., Heddle, N., Germain, M., Goldman, M., Toye, B., Schweitzer, I., van Walra-ven, C., Devine, D., & Graham, D. S. (2003). Clinical outcomes following institution of the Canadian universal leukoreduction program for red blood cell transfusions. Journal of American Medical Association, 289, 1941–1949.
Hendrick, J. E. (2020). Red blood cell alloimmunization and sickle cell disease: A narrative review on antibody induction. Annals of Blood, 5, 33.
Herring, J. M., Smith, S. A., McMichael, M. A., O'Brien, M., Ngwenyama, T. R., Corsi, R., Galligan, A., Beloshapka, A. N., Deng, P., & Swanson, K. S. (2013). Microparticles in stored canine RBC concentrates. Veterinary Clinical Patholo-gy, 42, 163–169.
Ibojie, J., Greiss, M., & Urbaniak, S. (2002). Limited efficacy of universal leucodep-letion in reducing the incidence of febrile nonhaemolytic reactions in red cell transfusions. Transfusion Medicine, 12, 181–185.
Izbicki, G., Rudensky, B., Na'amad, M., Hershko, C., Huerta, M., & Hersch, M. (2004). Transfusion-related leukocytosis in critically ill patients. Critical Care Medicine, 32, 439–442.
Kenichiro, Y., & Holowaychuk, M. (2016). Manual of veterinary transfusion medicine and blood banking. Wiley Blackwell, Oxford.
Kristensen, A. T., & Feldman, B. F. (1995). General principles of small animal blood component administration. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 25, 1277–1290.
Kristiansson, M., Soop, M., Saraste, L., & Sundqvist, K. G. (1996). Cytokines in stored red blood cell concentrates: Promoters of systemic inflammation and si-mulators of acute transfusion reactions? Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 40, 496–501.
Kumar, R. (2017). Blood transfusion in veterinary medicine. Hematology and Transfusion International Journal, 4(4), 116–122.
Lanevschi, A., & Wardrop, K. J. (2001). Principles of transfusion medicine in small animals. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 42, 447–454.
Lebedev, K. A. (1996). Immunologija v klinicheskoj praktike [Immunology in clinical practice]. Elektronnaja Medicinskaja Kniga, Moscow (in Russian).
Lozano, L. B., Blois, S. L., Wood, R. D., Abrams-Ogg, A. C., Bersenas, A. M., Bateman, S. W., & Richardson, D. M. (2019). A pilot study evaluating the ef-fects of prestorage leukoreduction on markers of inflammation in critically ill dogs receiving a blood transfusion. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Criti-cal Care, 29(4), 385–390.
Malyuk, M. О., Yehorov, O. V., & Kulida, M. A. (2023). Effects of allogeneic blood transfusion on the immunity parameters in recipient rabbits. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 14(2), 290–294.
Mazurkevych, A. Y., Skybitskyi, V. G., Kharkevych, Y. O., Danilov, V. B., Malyuk, M. O., & Kovpak, V. V. (2014). Veterynarna imunolohiya [Veterinary immunology]. Agroosvita, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
McMichael, M., Smith, S., Galligan, A., Swanson, K. S., & Fan, T. M. (2010). Effect of leukoreduction on transfusion-induced inflammation in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24, 1131–1137.
Molina-Aguilar, R., Gómez-Ruiz, S., Vela-Ojeda, J., Montiel-Cervantes, L. A., & Reyes-Maldonado, E. (2020). Pathophysiology of alloimmunization. Transfu-sion Medicine and Hemotherapy, 47(2), 152–159.
Poh, D., Claus, M., Smart, L., & Sharp, C. R. (2021). Transfusion practice in Australia: An internet-based survey. Australian Veterinary Journal, 99(4), 108–113.
Purcell, S. L., Claus, M., Hosgood, G., & Smart, L. (2015). Effect of leukoreduction on concentrations of interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in canine packed red blood cells during storage. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 76, 969–974.
Radulescu, S. M., Skulberg, R., McDonald, C., Chan, D. L., & Humm, K. (2021). Randomized double-blinded clinical trial on acute transfusion reactions in dogs receiving leukoreduced versus nonleukoreduced packed red blood cells. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 35(3), 1325–1332.
Remy, K. E., Hall, M. W., Cholette, J., Juffermans, N. P., Nicol, K., Blumberg, N., Spinella, P. C., Norris, P. J., Dahmer, M. K., Muszynski, J. A., & Pediatric Criti-cal Care Blood Research Network (2018). Mechanisms of red blood cell trans-fusion-related immunomodulation. Transfusion, 58(3), 804–815.
Rozanski, E., & de Laforcade, A. M. (2004). Transfusion medicine in veterinary emergency and critical care medicine. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, 19, 83–87.
Saleh, E., & Walsh, T. S. (2013). Leucocytosis following transfusion with leucodepleted red cells to non-bleeding critically ill patients. Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 14(1), 11–14.
Shanwell, A., Kristiansson, M., Remberger, M., & Ringdén, O. (1997). Generation of cytokines in red cell concentrates during storage is prevented by prestorage white cell reduction. Transfusion, 37, 678–684.
Sreethu, C., Amita, R., & Debasish, G. (2022). Investigating non-immune haemolytic transfusion reactions in surgical patients. Transfusion Medicine, 32(6), 512–516.
Thomovsky, E. J., & Bach, J. (2014). Incidence of acute lung injury in dogs receiving transfusions. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 244(2), 170–174.
Tocci, L. J., & Ewing, P. J. (2009). Increasing patient safety in veterinary transfusion medicine: An overview of pretransfusion testing. Journal of Veterinary Emer-gency and Critical Care, 19, 66–73.
Wadhwa, M., Seghatchian, M., Dilger, P., Contreras, M., & Thorpe, R. (2000). Cytokine accumulation in stored red cell concentrates: Effect of buffy-coat re-moval and leucoreduction. Transfusion Science, 23, 7–16.
Wang, R. R., Triulzi, D. J., & Qu, L. (2012). Effects of prestorage vs poststorage leukoreduction on the rate of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions to platelets. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 138, 255–259.
Wright, I. M., & Skinner, A. M. (2001). Post-transfusion white cell count in the sick preterm neonate. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 37(1), 44–46.
Zhipeng, Z., Dasheng, W., Yiyang, Y., Jiayu, Y., Zhangping, Y., & Yi, Y. (2023). Characterization of T-cell subsets in response to foot-and-mouth disease biva-lent inactivated vaccine in Chinese Holstein cows. Microbiology Spectrum, 2023, e0102923.
Published
2024-01-17
How to Cite
MalyukM. О., Yehorov, O. V., Kharkevych, I. O., Klymchuk, V. V., & Savchuk, T. L. (2024). The content of leukocytes in the blood of recipient rabbits after allogeneic transfusion of packed red blood cells . Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 15(1), 37-41. https://doi.org/10.15421/022405
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