The state of the humoral and cellular links of immunity of recipient rabbits following allogeneic transfusion of erythrocyte mass
Keywords:
transfusion; erythrocyte mass; immune reaction; B-lymphocytes; immunoglobulins; antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity.
Abstract
The study of activation of the humoral link of immunity of recipient rabbits following allogeneic transfusion of erythrocyte mass is important for a fundamental understanding of the formation of immunity in model species of animals. We measured the contents of B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins of M, G, A classes, circulating immune complexes in blood of the recipient rabbits and antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes. Number of B-lymphocytes in the blood of the rabbits was determined according to Bianco. Immunoglobulin content in blood serum of the rabbits was measured based on the Mancini method. The spectrophotometry method was used to measure circulating immune complexes. The antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes was identified by the colorimetric method. Modeling of erythrocyte mass transfusion was performed on five clinically healthy rabbits by intravenous injection of allogeneic erythrocyte mass in the dose of 5.5 mL/kg of body weight. The materials for the study were the blood samples, gathered on the 3rd, 7th, and 23rd days after transfusion. We found that the content of B-lymphocytes in blood of the recipient rabbits increased throughout the research: on the 3rd day the content of B lymphocytes, compared with the initial state (11.4%), increased by 1.94 times and was 22.2%; on the 7th day their content increased by 2.22 times and was 25.4%; and on the 23rd day of the experiment the content of lymphocytes increased by 2.46 times, compared with the initial state, equaling 28.6%. The content of IgM on the 3rd day after transfusion of erythrocyte mass increased by 54.9% and was 2.20 ± 0.70 g/L. On the 7th day it increased by 19.0%, equaling 1.69 ± 0.44 g/L, and on the 23rd day the content of immunoglobulins decreased by 54.2% compared with the initial state (1.42 ± 0.18 g/L, intact rabbits), accounting for 0.77 ± 0.25 g/L. The content of immunoglobulins of class G on the 3rd, 7th, and 23rd days of the experiment was nearly the same as in the initial state. The content of class A immunoglobulins decreased 4.16-fold on the 3rd day of the experiment, approaching the control values afterwards. After the transfusion of erythrocyte mass to the recipient rabbits, the content of circulating immune complexes was higher compared with the initial state throughout the research: on the 3rd day the CICs content increased by 2.13 times, measuring 6.40 conventional units, and on the 7th and 23rd days it approached the initial values of the control group. On the 3rd day after transfusion, the antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity of blood lymphocytes of erythrocyte mass of the rabbits increased compared with the initial state (15.9%), measuring 17.3%; on the 7th day it was 19.4%; and on the 23rd day it increased to 27.9%. The results revealed presence of characteristic immunological changes after allogeneic transfusion of erythrocyte mass to the recipient rabbits, which were a consequence of progressive increase in the activity of the humoral link of immunity.References
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Brand, A. (2002). Immunological aspects of blood transfusions. Transplant Immunology, 10, 183–190.
Bux, J., & Sachs, U. J. H. (2008). Pulmonary transfusion reactions. Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy, 35(5), 337–345.
Callan, M. B., Patel, R. T., Rux, A. H., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sireci, A. N., O'Donnell, P. A., Ruane, T., Sikora, T., Marryott, K., Sachais, B. S., & Hod, E. A. (2013). Transfusion of 28-day-old leucoreduced or non-leucoreduced stored red blood cells induces an inflammatory response in healthy dogs. Vox Sanguinis, 105, 319–327.
Corsi, R., McMichael, M. A., Smith, S. A., O'Brien, M., Herring, J., Ngwenyama, T. R., Galligan, A., Beloshapka, A. N., Deng, P., & Swanson, K. S. (2014). Cytokine concentration in stored canine erythrocyte concentrates. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 24, 259–263.
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Davidow, E. B., Blois, S. L., Goy-Thollot, I., Harris, L., Humm, K., Musulin, S., Nash, K. J., Odunayo, A., Sharp, C. R., Spada, E., Thomason, J., Walton, J., & Wardrop, K. J. (2021). Association of veterinary hematology and transfusion medicine (AVHTM) transfusion reaction small animal consensus statement (TRACS). Part one: Definitions and clinical signs. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 31, 141–166.
Davidow, E., Montgomery, H. B., & Mensing, M. (2018). A comparison of acute transfusion reactions in 766 dogs receiving either leukoreduced or non-leukoreduced packed red blood cells. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 28, S1–S37.
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Fal, A. M. (2020). Allergic alveolitis. Wiadomosci Lekarskie, 73(8), 1593–1599.
Fenwick, J. C., Cameron, M., Naiman, S. C., Haley, L. P., Ronco, J. J., Wiggs, B. R., & Tweeddale, M. G. (1994). Blood transfusion as a cause of leucocytosis in critically ill patients. The Lancet, 344, 855–856.
Gajdash, I. S., & Novitskij, A. N. (2017). Sostojanie gumoralnogo immuniteta u bolnykh opojasyvajushchim lishajem [The state of humoral immunity in patients with herpes zoster]. Medicine Today and Tomorrow, 76–77, 17–20 (in Russian).
Gosmann, F., Nørgaard, A., Rasmussen, M.-B., Rahbek, C., Seeberg, J., Møller, T. (2018). Transfusion-associated circulatory overload in adult, medical emergency patients with perspectives on early warning practice: A single-centre, clinical study. Blood Transfus, 16(2), 137–144.
Harrell, K. A., & Kristensen, A. T. (1995). Canine transfusion reactions and their management. Small Animal Practice, 25(6), 1333–1364.
Hartwig, D., Härtel, C., Hennig, H., Müller-Steinhardt, M., Schlenke, P., Klüter, H. (2002). Evidence for de novo synthesis of cytokines and chemokines in platelet concentrates. Vox Sanguinis, 82, 182–190.
Holowaychuk, M. K., Leader, J. L., & Monteith, G. (2014). Risk factors for transfusion-associated complications and nonsurvival in dogs receiving packed red blood cell transfusions: 211 cases (2008–2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 244, 431–437.
Izbicki, G., Rudensky, B., Na'amad, M., Hershko, C., Huerta, M., & Hersch, M. (2004). Transfusion-related leukocytosis in critically ill patients. Critical Care Medicine, 32, 439–442.
Keir, A. K., McPhee, A. J., Andersen, C. C., & Stark, M. J. (2012). Plasma cytokines and markers of endothelial activation increase after packed red blood cell transfusion in the preterm infant. Pediatric Research, 73(1), 75–79.
Kenichiro, Y., & Holowaychuk, M. (2016). Manual of veterinary transfusion medicine and blood banking. Wiley Blackwell, Oxford.
Kiekkas, P., Aretha, D., Bakalis, N., Karpouhtsi, I., Marneras, C., Baltopoulos, G. I. (2013). Fever effects and treatment in critical care: Literature review. Australian Critical Care, 26, 130–135.
Kristiansson, M., Soop, M., Saraste, L., & Sundqvist, K. G. (1996). Cytokines in stored red blood cell concentrates: Promoters of systemic inflammation and simulators of acute transfusion reactions? Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 40, 496–501.
Leone, P. M., & Richeldi, L. (2020). Current diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 83, 122–131.
Maliuk, M., Yehorov, O., Kulida, M., & Savchuk, M. (2022). Effect of allogeneic blood transfusion on neutrophil functional activity and lymphocyte cytotoxicity in recipient rabbit. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 13(4), 42–49.
Malyuk, M. О., Yehorov, O. V., & Kulida, M. A. (2023). Effects of allogeneic blood transfusion on the immunity parametersin recipient rabbits. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 14(2), 290–294.
Mazurkevych, A. Y., Skybitskyi, V. G., Kharkevych, Y. O., Danilov, V. B., Malyuk, M. O., & Kovpak, V. V. (2014). Veterynarna imunolohiya [Veterinary immunology]. Agroosvita, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
McFaul, S. J., Corley, J. B., Mester, C. W., & Nath, J. (2009). Packed blood cells stored in AS-5 become proinflammatory during storage. Transfusion, 49, 1451–1460.
McMichael, M., Smith, S., Galligan, A., Swanson, K. S., & Fan, T. M. (2010). Effect of leukoreduction on transfusion-induced inflammation in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24, 1131–1137.
Muylle, L., Joos, M., Wouters, E., De Bock, R., & Peetermans, M. E. (1993). Increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in the plasma of stored platelet concentrates: Relationship between TNF alpha and IL-6 levels and febrile transfusion reactions. Transfusion, 33, 195–199.
Ogedegbe, H. O. (2002). A review of non-immune mediated transfusion reactions. Laboratory Medicine, 33, 380–385.
Patalakha, O. V. (2016). Zminy frakcijnogo skladu cyrkuliujuchykh imunnykh kompleksiv u krovi narkozalezhnykh iz generalizovanym parodontytom ta toksychnym gepatytom [Changes in the fractional composition of circulating immune complexes in the blood of drug addicts with generalized periodontitis and toxic hepatitis]. Ukrainian Journal of Extreme Medicine named after G. O. Mozaev, 17(3), 105–110 (in Ukrainian).
Patterson, J., Rousseau, A., Kessler, R. J., & Giger, U. (2011). In vitro lysis and acute transfusion reactions with hemolysis caused by inappropriate storage of canine red blood cell products. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25(4), 927–933.
Poh, D. (2018). Blood banking in small animal medicine: A survey of current practices and assessment of a technique to prevent transfusion-related complications. Comparative Health Research Group, College of Veterinary Medicine Murdoch University, Western Australia.
Purcell, S. L., Claus, M., Hosgood, G., & Smart, L. (2015). Effect of leukoreduction on concentrations of interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in canine packed red blood cells during storage. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 76, 969–974.
Purcell, S., Claus, M., Hosgood, G., & Smart, L. (2017). Interleukin-8, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α in sequential units of packed red blood cells collected from retired racing greyhounds. Australian Veterinary Journal, 95, 26–32.
Shanwell, A., Kristiansson, M., Remberger, M., & Ringdén, O. (1997). Generation of cytokines in red cell concentrates during storage is prevented by prestorage white cell reduction. Transfusion, 37, 678–684.
Sreethu, C., Amita, R., & Debasish, G. (2022). Investigating non-immune haemolytic transfusion reactions in surgical patients. Transfusion Medicine, 32(6), 512–516.
Stepura, N. M., Zamotaeva, G. A., Terekhova, G. M., & Volynets, I. P. (2020). Vmist cyrkuliujuchykh imunnykh kompleksiv u khvorykh na dyfuznyj toksychnyj zob, uskladnenyj avtoimunnoju oftalmopatijeju [The content of circulating immune complexes in patients with diffuse toxic goiter complicated by autoimmune ophthalmopathy]. Endocrinology, 25(4), 305–309 (in Ukrainian).
Tizard, I. R. (2016). Veterinary immunology. 10th edition. Saunders.
Tocci, L. J. (2010). Transfusion medicine in small animal practice. Small Animal Practice, 40, 485–494.
Verbytskyi, E. Y., Ovcharenko, M. O., & Loskutova, I. V. (2017). Patogenetychne znachennia imunokompleksnykh reakcij pry posttravmatychnomu stresovomu rozladi [Pathogenetic significance of immune complex reactions in post-traumatic stress disorder]. Archive of Psychiatry, 89, 100–103 (in Ukrainian).
Yu, H., & Sandler, S. G. (2003). IgA anaphylactic transfusion reactions. Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy, 30, 214–220.
Brand, A. (2002). Immunological aspects of blood transfusions. Transplant Immunology, 10, 183–190.
Bux, J., & Sachs, U. J. H. (2008). Pulmonary transfusion reactions. Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy, 35(5), 337–345.
Callan, M. B., Patel, R. T., Rux, A. H., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sireci, A. N., O'Donnell, P. A., Ruane, T., Sikora, T., Marryott, K., Sachais, B. S., & Hod, E. A. (2013). Transfusion of 28-day-old leucoreduced or non-leucoreduced stored red blood cells induces an inflammatory response in healthy dogs. Vox Sanguinis, 105, 319–327.
Corsi, R., McMichael, M. A., Smith, S. A., O'Brien, M., Herring, J., Ngwenyama, T. R., Galligan, A., Beloshapka, A. N., Deng, P., & Swanson, K. S. (2014). Cytokine concentration in stored canine erythrocyte concentrates. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 24, 259–263.
Dani, C., Poggi, C., Gozzini, E., Leonardi, V., Sereni, A., Abbate, R., & Gori, A. M. (2017). Red blood cell transfusions can induce proinflammatory cytokines in preterm infants. Transfusion, 57, 1304–1310.
Davidow, B. (2013). Transfusion medicine in small animals. Small Animal Practice, 43, 735–756.
Davidow, E. B., Blois, S. L., Goy-Thollot, I., Harris, L., Humm, K., Musulin, S., Nash, K. J., Odunayo, A., Sharp, C. R., Spada, E., Thomason, J., Walton, J., & Wardrop, K. J. (2021). Association of veterinary hematology and transfusion medicine (AVHTM) transfusion reaction small animal consensus statement (TRACS). Part one: Definitions and clinical signs. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 31, 141–166.
Davidow, E., Montgomery, H. B., & Mensing, M. (2018). A comparison of acute transfusion reactions in 766 dogs receiving either leukoreduced or non-leukoreduced packed red blood cells. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 28, S1–S37.
Dean, L. (2005). Blood groups and red cell antigens. Blood transfusions and the immune system. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda.
Drannik, G. N., Prylutskyi, O. S., Bajora, Y. I., Kresyun, V. Y., Godzieva, I. M., Chopyak, V. V., Mazepa, M. A., Kazmyrchuk, V. E., & Koval, O. A. (2006). Klinichna imunologija i alergologija [Clinical immunology and allergology]. Zdorovja, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Fal, A. M. (2020). Allergic alveolitis. Wiadomosci Lekarskie, 73(8), 1593–1599.
Fenwick, J. C., Cameron, M., Naiman, S. C., Haley, L. P., Ronco, J. J., Wiggs, B. R., & Tweeddale, M. G. (1994). Blood transfusion as a cause of leucocytosis in critically ill patients. The Lancet, 344, 855–856.
Gajdash, I. S., & Novitskij, A. N. (2017). Sostojanie gumoralnogo immuniteta u bolnykh opojasyvajushchim lishajem [The state of humoral immunity in patients with herpes zoster]. Medicine Today and Tomorrow, 76–77, 17–20 (in Russian).
Gosmann, F., Nørgaard, A., Rasmussen, M.-B., Rahbek, C., Seeberg, J., Møller, T. (2018). Transfusion-associated circulatory overload in adult, medical emergency patients with perspectives on early warning practice: A single-centre, clinical study. Blood Transfus, 16(2), 137–144.
Harrell, K. A., & Kristensen, A. T. (1995). Canine transfusion reactions and their management. Small Animal Practice, 25(6), 1333–1364.
Hartwig, D., Härtel, C., Hennig, H., Müller-Steinhardt, M., Schlenke, P., Klüter, H. (2002). Evidence for de novo synthesis of cytokines and chemokines in platelet concentrates. Vox Sanguinis, 82, 182–190.
Holowaychuk, M. K., Leader, J. L., & Monteith, G. (2014). Risk factors for transfusion-associated complications and nonsurvival in dogs receiving packed red blood cell transfusions: 211 cases (2008–2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 244, 431–437.
Izbicki, G., Rudensky, B., Na'amad, M., Hershko, C., Huerta, M., & Hersch, M. (2004). Transfusion-related leukocytosis in critically ill patients. Critical Care Medicine, 32, 439–442.
Keir, A. K., McPhee, A. J., Andersen, C. C., & Stark, M. J. (2012). Plasma cytokines and markers of endothelial activation increase after packed red blood cell transfusion in the preterm infant. Pediatric Research, 73(1), 75–79.
Kenichiro, Y., & Holowaychuk, M. (2016). Manual of veterinary transfusion medicine and blood banking. Wiley Blackwell, Oxford.
Kiekkas, P., Aretha, D., Bakalis, N., Karpouhtsi, I., Marneras, C., Baltopoulos, G. I. (2013). Fever effects and treatment in critical care: Literature review. Australian Critical Care, 26, 130–135.
Kristiansson, M., Soop, M., Saraste, L., & Sundqvist, K. G. (1996). Cytokines in stored red blood cell concentrates: Promoters of systemic inflammation and simulators of acute transfusion reactions? Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 40, 496–501.
Leone, P. M., & Richeldi, L. (2020). Current diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 83, 122–131.
Maliuk, M., Yehorov, O., Kulida, M., & Savchuk, M. (2022). Effect of allogeneic blood transfusion on neutrophil functional activity and lymphocyte cytotoxicity in recipient rabbit. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 13(4), 42–49.
Malyuk, M. О., Yehorov, O. V., & Kulida, M. A. (2023). Effects of allogeneic blood transfusion on the immunity parametersin recipient rabbits. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 14(2), 290–294.
Mazurkevych, A. Y., Skybitskyi, V. G., Kharkevych, Y. O., Danilov, V. B., Malyuk, M. O., & Kovpak, V. V. (2014). Veterynarna imunolohiya [Veterinary immunology]. Agroosvita, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
McFaul, S. J., Corley, J. B., Mester, C. W., & Nath, J. (2009). Packed blood cells stored in AS-5 become proinflammatory during storage. Transfusion, 49, 1451–1460.
McMichael, M., Smith, S., Galligan, A., Swanson, K. S., & Fan, T. M. (2010). Effect of leukoreduction on transfusion-induced inflammation in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24, 1131–1137.
Muylle, L., Joos, M., Wouters, E., De Bock, R., & Peetermans, M. E. (1993). Increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in the plasma of stored platelet concentrates: Relationship between TNF alpha and IL-6 levels and febrile transfusion reactions. Transfusion, 33, 195–199.
Ogedegbe, H. O. (2002). A review of non-immune mediated transfusion reactions. Laboratory Medicine, 33, 380–385.
Patalakha, O. V. (2016). Zminy frakcijnogo skladu cyrkuliujuchykh imunnykh kompleksiv u krovi narkozalezhnykh iz generalizovanym parodontytom ta toksychnym gepatytom [Changes in the fractional composition of circulating immune complexes in the blood of drug addicts with generalized periodontitis and toxic hepatitis]. Ukrainian Journal of Extreme Medicine named after G. O. Mozaev, 17(3), 105–110 (in Ukrainian).
Patterson, J., Rousseau, A., Kessler, R. J., & Giger, U. (2011). In vitro lysis and acute transfusion reactions with hemolysis caused by inappropriate storage of canine red blood cell products. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25(4), 927–933.
Poh, D. (2018). Blood banking in small animal medicine: A survey of current practices and assessment of a technique to prevent transfusion-related complications. Comparative Health Research Group, College of Veterinary Medicine Murdoch University, Western Australia.
Purcell, S. L., Claus, M., Hosgood, G., & Smart, L. (2015). Effect of leukoreduction on concentrations of interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in canine packed red blood cells during storage. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 76, 969–974.
Purcell, S., Claus, M., Hosgood, G., & Smart, L. (2017). Interleukin-8, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α in sequential units of packed red blood cells collected from retired racing greyhounds. Australian Veterinary Journal, 95, 26–32.
Shanwell, A., Kristiansson, M., Remberger, M., & Ringdén, O. (1997). Generation of cytokines in red cell concentrates during storage is prevented by prestorage white cell reduction. Transfusion, 37, 678–684.
Sreethu, C., Amita, R., & Debasish, G. (2022). Investigating non-immune haemolytic transfusion reactions in surgical patients. Transfusion Medicine, 32(6), 512–516.
Stepura, N. M., Zamotaeva, G. A., Terekhova, G. M., & Volynets, I. P. (2020). Vmist cyrkuliujuchykh imunnykh kompleksiv u khvorykh na dyfuznyj toksychnyj zob, uskladnenyj avtoimunnoju oftalmopatijeju [The content of circulating immune complexes in patients with diffuse toxic goiter complicated by autoimmune ophthalmopathy]. Endocrinology, 25(4), 305–309 (in Ukrainian).
Tizard, I. R. (2016). Veterinary immunology. 10th edition. Saunders.
Tocci, L. J. (2010). Transfusion medicine in small animal practice. Small Animal Practice, 40, 485–494.
Verbytskyi, E. Y., Ovcharenko, M. O., & Loskutova, I. V. (2017). Patogenetychne znachennia imunokompleksnykh reakcij pry posttravmatychnomu stresovomu rozladi [Pathogenetic significance of immune complex reactions in post-traumatic stress disorder]. Archive of Psychiatry, 89, 100–103 (in Ukrainian).
Yu, H., & Sandler, S. G. (2003). IgA anaphylactic transfusion reactions. Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy, 30, 214–220.
Published
2023-09-01
How to Cite
MalyukM. О., Yehorov, O. V., Kharkevych, I. O., Savchuk, T. L., & Klymchuk, V. V. (2023). The state of the humoral and cellular links of immunity of recipient rabbits following allogeneic transfusion of erythrocyte mass . Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 14(3), 487-491. https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022369
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