The impact of growth stimulators and retardants on the utilization of reserve lipids by sunflower seedlings
Abstract
Using growth stimulators and anti-gibberillin preparations of different chemical compounds, we created different pressures in the coordinate covalent bond systems during germination of sunflower seeds. Using gibberellin and treptolem growth stimulators and Paclobutrazol and Chlormequat-Chlorid anti-gibberillin preparations is an efficient method of reconstructing coordinate covalent bond during the germination of seeds of oil-bearing crops. It allows determination of the role of the hormone factor in the utilization of reserve lipids over the heterotrophic phase of plant development. Blocking the synthesis of gibberellins by retardants caused decrease in activity of lipase, hydrolysis of reserve lipids and the meristem, which resulted in decrease in the energy of germination. Compared to the control, the impact of gibberellin increased the content of butyric acid, and the impact of Paclobutrazol reduced the content of butyric acid. Linoleic acid showed exactly the opposite changes. In relation to the control, a significant increase in the content of non-saturated linoleic acid was observed in both variants of the experiment. Gibberellic acid stimulated and Paclobutrazol slowed the usage of free higher fatty acids for the process of morphogenesis.References
AOAC (2010). Official methods of analysis of association of analytical chemist international. 18th ed. Rev. 3.2010. Asso. of Analytical Chemist. Gaither sburg, Maryland, USA.
Bezdudnaya, Е. F. (2005). Dinamika lipidov v semenah i prorostkah soi pri pro rastanii [Lipid dynamics in soya seeds and seedlings during germinating]. Visnyk Kharkivskogo Natsionalnogo Universytetu imeni V. N. Karazina. Seriya: Biologiya, 709, 22–27 (in Russian).
Bonelli, L. E., Monzon, J. P., Cerrudo, A., & Rizzalli, R. H., Andrade, F. H. (2016). Maize grain yield components and source-sink relationship as affected by the delay in sowing date. Field Crops Research, 198, 215–225.
De Wit, M., & Pierik, R. (2016). Photomorphogenesis and Photoreceptors. Cano py Photosynthesis: From Basics to Applications, 42, 171–186.
Franklin, K. A. (2016). Photomorphogenesis: Plants feel blue in the shade. Current Biology, 26(24), R1275–R1276.
Golovatskaya, I. F., & Karnachuk, R. А. (2007). Dinamika rosta rastenij i soder zhanie endogennyh fitogormonov v processe skoto- i fotomorfogeneza fasoli [Dynamics of growth and the content of endogenous phytohormones during kidney bean scoto- and photomorphogenesis]. Fiziologija Rastenij, 54(3), 461–468 (in Russian).
Grytsayenko, Z. M., Ponomarenko, S. P., Karpenko, V. P., & Leontiuk, I. B. (2008). Biologichno aktyvni rechovyny v roslynnyctvi [Biologically active substances in plant growth]. NICHLAVA, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Hedden, P., & Thomas, S. G. (2016). Annual Plant Reviews. Vol. 49. The Gibberellins. John Wiley & Sons.
Hornitschek, P., Kohnen, M. V., Lorrain, S., Rougemont, J., Ljung, K., López-Vidriero, I., Franco-Zorrilla, J. M., Solano, R., Trevisan, M., Pradervand, S., Xenarios, I., & Fankhauser, C. (2012). Phytochrome interacting factors 4 and 5 control seedling growth in changing light conditions by directly controlling auxin signaling. The Plant Journal, 71(5), 699–711.
Humplík, J. F., Turečková, V., Fellner, M., & Bergougnoux, V. (2015). Spatio-temporal changes in endogenous abscisic acid contents during etiolated growth and photomorphogenesis in tomato seedlings. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 10(8), e1039213.
Kumar, S., Sreenivas, G., Satyanarayana, J., & Guha, A. (2012). Paclobutrazol treatment as a potential strategy for higher seed and oil yield in field-grown Camelina sativa L. Crantz. BSK Research Notes 5(1), 13.
Kuriata, V. G., Rohach, V. V., Rohach, T. I., & Khranovska, T. V. (2016). The use of antigibberelins with different mechanisms of action on morphogenesis and production process regulation in the plant Solanum melongena (Solanaceae). Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, Ecology, 24(1), 230–234.
Kuryata, V. G., & Khodanitska, O. O. (2012) Osoblyvosti morfogenezu i produkcijnogo procesu l’onu-kucherjavcju za dii’ hlormekvathlorydu i treptolemu [Peculiarities of morphogenesis and production process of Linum usitatissimum var. humile (Mill.) Pers. plants under the effect of chlormequat-chloride and treptolem]. Fiziologiya i Biohimiya Kul’turnikh Rasteniy, 44(6), 522–528 (in Ukrainian).
Kuryata, V. G., & Polyvanyi, S. V. (2015). Potuzhnist’ fotosyntetychnogo aparatu ta nasinnyeva produktyvnist’ maku oliynogo za dii’ retardantu folikuru [Ef fect of retardant folicur on photosynthetic apparatus and seed productivity of oil poppy]. Fiziologiya Rasteniy i Genetika, 47(4), 313–320 (in Ukrainian).
Kuryata, V. G., & Poprotska, I. V. (2016). Fiziologichni osnovy zastosuvannja retardantiv na olijnyh kul’turah [The physiological basics of application of retardants to oilseeds]. Fiziologiya Rasteniy i Genetika, 48(6), 475–487 (in Ukrainian).
Kutschera, U., & Briggs, W. R. (2013). Seedling development in buckwheat and the discovery of the photomorphogenic shade-avoidance response. Plant Biology, 15(6), 931–940.
Ljung, K., Nemhauser, J. L., & Perata, P. (2015). New mechanistic links between sugar and hormone signalling networks. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 25, 130–137.
Matysiak, K., & Kaczmarek, S. (2013). Effect of chlorocholine chloride and tri azoles – tebuconazole and flusilazole on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera L.) in response to the application term and sowing density. Journal of Plant Protection Resesrch, 53(1), 79–88.
Minguet, E. G., Alabadi, D., & Blázquez, M. A. (2014). Gibberellin implication in plant growth and stress responses. Phytohormones: A Window to Metabo lism, Signaling and Biotechnological Applications, 119–161.
Mohammad, N. K., & Mohammad, F. (2013). Effect of GA3, N and P ameliorate growth, seed and fibre yield by enhancing photosynthetic capacity and carbo nic anhydrase activity of linseed. Integrative Agriculture, 12(7), 1183–1194.
Panyapruek, S., Sinsiri, W., Sinsiri, N., Arimatsu, P., & Polthanee, A. (2016). Effect of paclobutrazol growth regulator on tuber production and starch quality of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 15, 1–7.
Pavlista, A. D. (2013). Influence of foliar-applied growth retardants on russet bur bank potato tuber production. American Journal of Potato Research, 90(4), 395–401.
Pobudkiewicz, A. (2014). Influence of growth retardant on growth and develop ment of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch. Acta Agrobotanica, 67(3), 65–74.
Poprotska, I. V., & Kuryata, V. G. (2017). Features of gas exchange and use of reserve substances in pumpkin seedlings in conditions of skoto- and photomorphogenesis under the influence of gibberellin and chlormequat-chloride. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 8(1), 71–76.
Poprotska, І. V. (2014). Zminy v polisaharydnomu kompleksi klitynnyh stinok sim’yadolej prorostkiv garbuza za riznoyi napruzhenosti donorno-aktseptor nyh vidnosyn v protsesi prorostannya [Changes in polysaccharide complex of cell walls of the pumpkin seedlings cotyledons under different level of source-sink relations during germination]. Fiziologiya i Biohimiya Kultur nykh Rastenij, 46(3), 190–195 (in Ukrainian).
Ramburan, S., & Greenfield, P. L. (2007). Use of ethephon and chlormequat chloride to manage plant height and lodging of irrigatend barley (cv. Puma) when hight rates of N-fertiliser are applied. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 24(4), 181–187.
Rogach, V. V., & Rogach, T. I. (2015). Vplyv syntetychnyh stymulyatoriv rostu na morfofiziologichni harakterystyky ta biologichnu produktyvnist’ kul’tury kartopli [Influence of synthetic growth stimulators on morphological and physiological characteristics and biological productivity of potato culture]. Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, Ecology, 23(2), 221–224 (in Ukrainian).
Rogach, V. V., Poprotska, I. V., & Kuryata, V. G. (2016). Diya giberelinu ta retar dantiv na morfogenez, fotosyntetychnyj aparat і produktyvnist’ kartopli [Effect of gibberellin and retardants on morphogenesis, photosynthetic apparatus and productivity of the potato]. Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, Ecology, 24(2), 416–419 (in Ukrainian).
Sang-Kuk, K., & Hak-Yoon, K. (2014). Effects of gibberellin biosynthetic inhibi tors on oil, secoisolaresonolodiglucoside, seed yield and endogenous gibbe rellin content in flax. Korean Journal of Plant Resources, 27(3), 229–235.
Sardoei, A. S., Yazdi, M. R., & Shshdadneghad, M. (2014). Effect of cycocel on growth retardant cycocel on reducing sugar, malondialdehyde and other aldehydes of Cannabis sativa L. International Journal of Biosciences, 4(6), 127–133.
Savage, J. A., Haines, D. F., & Holbrook, N. M. (2015). The making of giant pumpkins: How selective breeding changed the phloem of Cucurbita maxima from source to sink. Plant, Cell and Environment, 38(8), 1543–1554.
Sugiura, D., Sawakami, K., Kojim, M., Sakakibara, H., Terashima, I., & Tateno, M. (2015). Roles of gibberellins and cytokinins in regulation of morphological and physiological traits in Polygonum cuspidatum responding to light and nitrogen availabilities. Functional Plant Biology, 42(4), 397–409.
Tae-Yun, K., & Jung-Hee, H. (2012). Effects of hexaconazole on growth and antioxidant potential of cucumber seedlings under UV-B radiation. Environmental Sciences, 21(12), 1435–1447.
VanHook, A. M. (2016). Rapidly inhibiting ethylene signaling with light. Science Signaling, 9(458), ec294.
Wang, Y., Gu, W., Xie, T., Li, L., Sun, Y., Zhang, H., Li, J., & Wei, S. (2016). Mixed compound of DCPTA and CCC increases maize yield by improving plant morphology and upregulating photosynthetic capacity and antioxidants. PLoS ONE, 11(2), e0149404.
Wu, S.-H. (2014). Gene expression regulation in photomorphogenesis from the perspective of the central dogma. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 65, 311–333.
Yan, W., Yanhong, Y., Wenyu, Y., Taiwen, Y., Weiguo, L., & Wang, X. (2013). Responses of root growth and nitrogen transfer metabolism to uniconazole, a growth retardant, during the seedling stage of soybean under relay strip. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis Intercropping System, 44(22), 3267–3280.
Yan, Y., Wan, Y., Liu, W., Wang, X., Yong, T., & Yang, W. (2015). Influence of seed treatment with uniconazole powder on soybean growth, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation after flowering and yield in relay strip intercropping system. Plant Production Science, 18(3), 295–301.
Yu, S. M., Lo, S. F., & Ho, T. D. (2015). Source-sink communication: Regu lated by hormone, nutrient, and stress cross-signaling. Trends in Plant Science, 20(12), 844–857.
Zhang, D, Jing, Y., Jiang, Z., & Lin, R. (2014). The chromatin-remodeling factor PICKLE integrates brassinosteroid and gibberellin signaling during skoto morphogenic growth in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 26(6), 2472–2485.
Zhang, W., Xu, F., Hua, C., & Cheng, S. (2013). Effect of chlorocholine chloride on chlorophyll, photosynthesis, soluble sugar and flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 41(1), 97–103.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons «Attribution» 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
