Hepato- and hemato-protective properties of α-ketoglutarate under the combined effect of water-immobilization and emotional stress
Abstract
This article presents the results of the combined effect of water-immobilization and emotional stress on haematological and morphological parameters of blood and liver status of rats in conditions of correction of the disorders using by α-ketoglutarate. Experimental combined stress was induced by the interchangeable effect of dry immobilization and immersion in water for 3 days under constant illumination using an artificial lighting lamp of 1,000 lux., thus achieving a combined effect of stress. Physiological adaptation and administration of 0.8 g/kg of body weight of α-ketoglutarate lasted 14 days after stress induction. Haematological parameters were determined using the Automated Veterinary Hematology Analyzer PCE 90 Vet (High Technology Inc., USA), while biochemical parameters of the liver state were determined by spectrophotometric and colourimetric methods. The obtained results showed an increase in hemolysis, which was determined by a decrease in the number of erythrocytes and haemoglobin concentration in the blood of rats under the effect of the stress factors studied. A negative consequence of strengthening of hemolysis is the development of hypoxia in the liver, which causes the slowing of metabolic processes in its cells. As a result, there is an accumulation of partially oxidized products: lactate and pyruvate, increased formation of TBA-active products, and oxidative modification of proteins. During the 14 days of physiological adaptation after stress, the main indicators of blood and liver status of the rats were partially restored. A stronger recovery of redox status and improvement of the physiological state of the liver and, hence, haematological parameters, were noted for rats that received α-ketoglutarate for 14 days after stress. The revealed general positive trend indicates the stimulation of adaptation processes and the overall functioning of the antioxidant system of the liver of rats in the use of α-ketoglutarate against the background of the combined effects of water-immobilization and emotional stress.References
Andreeva, L. Y., Kozhemjakyn, L. A., & Kyshkun, A. A. (1988). Modification of the method for the determination of lipid peroxides in the test with thiobarbituric acid. Laboratornoe Delo, 2, 41–43.
Burtis, C., Аshvud, E., & Bruns, D. (2012). Text book of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
Harrison, A. P., & Pierzynowski, S. G. (2008). Biological effects of 2-oxoglutarate with particular emphasis on the regulation of protein, mineral and lipid absorption/metabolism, muscle performance, kidney function, bone formation and cancerogenesis, all viewed from a healthy ageing perspective state of the hart-review article. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 59(1), 91–106.
Hlinic, S. V., Romanovsky, I. V., Rineyskaya, O. N., Kartun, L. V., & Khodosovskaya, E. V. (2007). Hormonal status and the state of the lipid peroxidation system in the brain tissue of rats under cold stress on the background of experimental hypothyroidism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Series of Medical Sciences, 2, 55–59.
Khariv, I. I. (2013). Vplyv "Amprolinsylu" ta brovitakoktsydu na pokaznyky klitynnoho i humoralʹnoho imunitetu indykiv za eymeriozo-histomonoznoyi invaziyi [Influence of amprolissil and broth tacticide on indicators of cell and humoral immunity of turkey cocks under the emeritus-histomonous invasion]. Biolohiya Tvaryn, 15(4), 159–165.
Khnychenko, L. K., & Sapronov, N. S. (2003). Stress and its role in the development of pathological processes. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 2(3), 2–15.
Kocharniy, V. V., Rutgaizer, V. G., Abdul-Ogly, L. V., Mаgro, V. I., & Kumchenko, V. V. (2017). Zminy pokaznykiv krovi u shchuriv pislya vplyvu elektromahnitnoho vyprominyuvannya [Change of the blood indexes rats following the influence of the electromagnetic radiation]. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 16(2), 28–32.
Koroliuk, M. A., Ivanova, L. I., Mayorova, I. G., & Tokarev, V. E. (1988). A method of determining catalase activity. Laboratornoe Delo, 1, 16–19.
Kostjuk, V. A., Potapovych, A. Y., & Kovaleva, Z. V. (1990). A simple and sensitive method for determining the activity of superoxidedismutase, based on the oxidation reaction of quercetin. Questions of Medical Chemistry, 36(2), 88–91.
Kovalenko, T. N., Ushakova, G. A., Osadchenko, I., Skibo, G. G., & Pierzynowski, S. G. (2011). The neuroprotective effect of 2-oxoglutarate in the experimenttal ischemia of hippocampus. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 62(2), 239–246.
Mikhaylenko, E. A., Dyomshina, O. O., Ushakova, G. O., & Stepchenko, L. M. (2016). Efektivnіst' antyoksydantnoyi systemy pechіnky brojlerіv krosu Kobb-500 pry vypojuvannі pryrodnymy bіologіchno aktyvnymy dobavkamy na osnovі gumіnovyh rechovyn [The effectiveness of the antioxidant system of the liver of broilers of the Cobb-500 cross-breeder when dispensing with natural biologically active additives on the basis of humic substances]. Vіsnyk Derzhavnogo Agrarno-Ekonomіchnogo Unіversity, 42(4), 120–125.
Pasko, A. Y. (2016). Doslidzhennya rivnya produktiv okysnoyi modyfikatsiyi bilkiv ta antyoksydantnykh fermentiv u patsiyentiv z pislyaoperatsiynym hipoparatyreozom [Study of the level of products of oxidative modification of proteins and antioxidant enzymes in patients with postoperative hypoparathyroidism]. Bukovinian Medical Herald, 20(2),116–120.
Salyha, N. O. (2013). Funktsionuvannya antyoksydantnoyi systemy shchuriv na diyu L-hlutamynovoyi kysloty ta tsysteyinu na tli eksperymentalʹnoho stresu [Functioning of the antioxidant system of rats on the action of L-glutamic acid and cysteine against the background of experimental stress]. Zhurnal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series Biology, 1056, 21–25.
Sokołowska, M., Oleszek, A., & Włodek, L. (1999). Protective effect of alpha-keto acids on the oxidative hemolysis. Polish Journal of Pharmacology, 51, 429–434.
Svan, O. B. (2015). Vplyv hostroho stresu na funktsiyi donora zhovchi pechinky v umovakh kryokhirurhiyi shkiry v eksperymenti [Influence of acute stress on bile donor function of the liver under conditions of skin cryosurgery in the experiment]. Dosyahnennya Klinichnoyi ta Eksperymentalʹnoyi Medytsyny, 2–3, 135–137.
Ushakova, G., Fomenko, O., & Pierzynowski, S. (2010). Non-invasive markers of hepatic encephalopathy under chronic hepatitis C and 2-oxoglutarate treatment. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, 23(3), 203–206.
Volkova, S. V., & Meleshkina, S. R. (2008). Stress of farm animals as a response to adverse environmental conditions. Modern Science-Intensive Technologies, 4, 55–56.
Young, D. S. (2014). Effects on clinical laboratory tests: Drugs, disease, herbs and natural products. American association for clinical chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons «Attribution» 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.