Vitamin and mineral composition of craft goat milk butter during refrigerated storage
Abstract
The expansion of the range of dairy products with health-promoting properties on the world market is largely ensured by the development of craft production, focused on naturalness, minimal processing and compliance with food safety requirements. Goat milk butter attracts particular attention, which, due to its functional properties and growing popularity among consumers, requires a thorough assessment of its vitamin and mineral value. The content of retinol, tocopherol and riboflavin, as well as macro-, microelements and heavy metals, was determined in the butter on the 1st, 10th and 20th days. The content of vitamins in the butter was determined using fluorometry and photocolorimetry, and mineral components - by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. When storing goat milk butter for 20 days at a temperature of 4 ± 1 o C , no changes in the conce n tration of retinol and riboflavin were detected, but a decrease in the content of tocopherol was recorded on the 10th day by 10.23% and on the 20th day by 14.42%. The mineral composition of goat milk butter did not change during the entire storage period. With a decrease in the concentration of macroelements in the butter, they were in the following order: P < Na < K < Ca < Mg. The level of microelements in the butter was distributed as follows: Zn < Fe < Cu < Mn = Mo < Co < Se. Among the heavy metals in the butter, aluminium was characterised by the highest concentration, while arsenic and antimony were present below the limit of detection, allowing them to be arranged in the following order: Al < Pb = Ni < Cr < Hg < Cd < As = Sb. The highest estimated daily intake into the human body with the butter was found for iron and aluminium, and the minimum for moly b denum, cobalt and manganese. According to the target hazard quotient (THQ), heavy metals that can potentially enter the body of a consumer with the butter can be placed in the following order: Hg < Pb < Cd = Cr < Al < Ni < Zn < Cu = Fe < Mn < Mo < Co. For all heavy metals , THQ did not exceed 1 during the entire storage period of the butter. Taking into account the maximum human consumption of butter in the amount of 30 g per day, there is no risk of heavy metal poisoning. In terms of the content of vitamins, macro-, microelements and heavy metals, butter from goat milk can be one of the criteria for geographical and ecolog i cal authenticity of dairy products.References
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