Correlational analysis of immunological and physiological parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus in Anbar Province (Iraq)
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is a chronic condition that occurs when the body cannot use insulin effectively or does not produce enough of it. This leads to high blood sugar levels and can cause serious health complications if not managed prope r ly. The purpose of the presented research was to measure a few hematological and immunological parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). There were 80 blood samples in all, 50 of which came from patients with DM (cases). They were 16 to 50 years old, the remaining 30 samples were healthy individuals who served as controls and visited the Ramadi General Teaching Hospital in Ramadi City between October, 2023, and December, 2024. The study examined the correlation between the variables under investigation, demonstrating the presence of both positive and negative correlations. The results showed a notable change in the concentrations of IL4, IL17, IFNγ, and IL10 using ELISA. A comparison of the two groups (control and patients) revealed significant difference in the levels of IL17, IL10, IFNγ, and IL4. The mean values of IL17, IFNγ, and IL10 were significantly increased , while IL4 decreased significantly in comparison with the control group. Additionally, blood levels of Hb and PLTs revealed a significant difference, the level of Hb decreased significantly, while the PLTs level increased significantly in contrast with the control group. We conclude that the levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ were much higher in DM patients compared to the healthy individuals. Accordingly, a substantial drop in IL-4 and IL-10 was noted in DM patients compared with healthy individuals. Also the study examined the correlation between the variables under investigation, demo n strating the presence of both positive and negative correlations. The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant negative and positive correlation between IL-17 and both IL-10 and IFN-γ, respectively. However, the results did not demo n strate significant correlations between immune and physiological factors. Our results demonstrate that diverse and indepe n dently regulated cytokine pathways define the immunological dysregulation associated with diabetes, indicating that cytokine networks, rather than specific targets, should be the focus of effective treatment approaches.References
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