Cows’ milk composition and regularities of fat, protein and lactose synthesis
Abstract
Changes in fat, protein and lactose content in cows’ milk depending on several factors were studied. Common patterns of synthesis of the milk major components are under consideration on the basis of those changes. The syntheses of lactose and casein have no close connection. Increased milk yield during lactation dominant and its decrease in late lactation are accompanied by a noticeable change of lactose concentration in the milk. The volume of milk produced is determined by the amount of lactose synthesized in the mammary gland.References
Вудмаска І. В. Метаболізм у рубці та його вплив на жирнокислотний склад ліпідів молока корів за різного вуглеводного і ліпідного складу раціону: Автореф. дис. … д-ра біол. наук. – Львів : Ін-т біології тварин, 2008. – 38 с.
Грачев И. И. Цитофизиология секреции молока / И. И. Грачев, С. М. Попов, В. П. Скопичев. – Л. : Наука, 1976. – 24 с.
Инихов Г. С. Биохимия молока и молочных продуктов. – М. : Пищ. пром-сть, 1970. – 317 с.
Крейлис М. Л. Физиология молокоотдачи и практика доения коров: Автореф. дисс. … д-ра биол. наук. – Харьков, 1987. – 32 с.
Янович В. Г. Біологічні основи трансформації поживних речовин у жуйних тварин / В. Г. Янович, Л. І. Сологуб. – Львів : Тріада плюс, 2000. – 384 с.
Bauman D. E. Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis / D. E. Bauman, J. M. Griinari // Ann. Rev. Nutr. – 2003. – Vol. 23. – Р. 203–227. >>doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073408
Bauman D. E. Nutrigenomics, rumen-derived bioactive fatty acids, and the regulation of milk fat synthesis / D. E. Bauman, K. J. Harvatine, A. L. Lock // Annual Review of Nutrition. – 2011. – Vol. 31. – Р. 299–319. >>doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104648
Early lactation ratio of fat and protein percentage in milk is associated with health, milk production, and survival / F. Toni, L. Vincenti, L. Grigoletto et al. // J. Dairy Sci. – Vol. 94, N 4. – P. 1772–1783.
Effect of restricted access time to pasture on dairy cow milk production, grazing behavior, and dry matter intake / E. Kennedy, M. McEvoy, J. P. Murphy, M. O’Donovan // J. Dairy Sci. – 2009. – Vol. 92. – P. 168–176. >>doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1091
Lefevre C. M. Evolution of lactation: Ancient origin and extreme adaptations of the lactation system / C. M. Lefevre, J. A. Sharp, K. R. Nicholas // Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics. – 2010. – N 11. – Р. 219–238. >>doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-082509-141806
Prediction of energy balance in a high yielding dairy herd in early lactation: Model development and precision / C. Heuer, W. M. van Straalen, Y. H. Schukken et al. // Livest. Prod. Sci. – 2000. – Vol. 65. – P. 91–105. >>doi: 10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00177-3
Relationship of early lactation and bovine somatotropin on nutrient uptake by cow mammary glands / P. S. Miller, B. L. Reis, C. C. Calvert et al. // J. Dairy Sci. – 1991. – Vol. 74, N 11. – P. 3800–3806. >>doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78572-X
Seasonal variation in the Dutch bovine raw milk composition / J. M. L. Heck, H. J. F. van Valenberg, J. Dijkstra, A. C. M. van Hooijdonk // J. Dairy Sci. – 2009. – Vol. 92, N 10. – P. 4745–4755. >>doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2146
The effect of supplementary protein on in vivo metabolism of the mammary gland in lactating dairy cows / J. A. Metcalf, J. D. Sutton, D. Wray-Cahen et al. // J. Dairy Sci. – 1994. – Vol. 77, N 7. – P. 2081–2090. >>doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77123-X
Weiss W. P. Use of a corn milling product in diets for dairy cows to alleviate milk fat depression // J. Dairy Sci. – 2012. – Vol. 95. – P. 2081–2090. >>doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-5026
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons «Attribution» 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.