Characteristics of kappa-casein gene polymorphism in cows of Swiss breed and their productive qualities at a large dairy

  • S. G. Pishchan Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University
  • K. А. Sylychenko Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University
Keywords: Brown Swiss cattle; alleles; genotypes AA, AB, BB of kappa-casein; milk yield; fat; protein.

Abstract

Kappa-casein is a fraction of the main milk protein, which determines the technological properties of milk and the quality of dairy products, especially cheese and fermented milk products. The study tested the distribution of kappa-casein gene genotype polymorphism (CSN3) in mothers and daughters of the Swiss breed cows, taking into account their milk productivity qualities. The study was performed on 111 cows of the Swiss breed on a large dairy. The observation group I included 51 cow-mothers of the Swiss breed; group II – 60 cow-daughters of the Swiss breed. In a study of the polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene in cow-mothers and cow-daughters of the Swiss breed, the dominance of allele B (0.73 and 0.70) was found, which was registered more than two times more often than allele A. The incidence of genotypes AA – AB – BB in cow-mothers of the Swiss breed was as follows: 5.9% – 43.1% – 51.0% with indicators of observed heterozygosity 0.43 and expected heterozygosity 0.40. In cow-daughters of the Swiss breed the frequency of the BB genotype was the same, but, genotype АА was registered almost twice as often, with lower indicators of observed heterozygosity and smaller increases of indicators of expected heterozygosity than in cow-mothers. Cow-mothers of the Swiss breed with the AA genotype, in comparison with the AB genotypes, had higher milk yields during lactation (by 43%), fat production (by 86.9%), ratio of fat to protein (by 40.5%). Also note, the cow-mothers of the Swiss breed with the AA genotype, in comparison with the BB genotypes, had reliably high rates of fat to protein (by 35.8%) and only a trend to higher fat production; fat and protein. The production of fat in dairy cows-daughters with the BB genotype was higher than with the AA genotype, but only at the level of tendency. The correlation analysis showed that the AA genotype of the kappa-casein gene in cow-mothers of the Swiss breed was associated with the duration of lactation, indicators of milk yield during lactation, fat production, fat content and protein in milk with registration of reliable and positive coefficients of correlation. The genotypes in cow-daughters did not have a reliable correlation with the duration of lactation and fat or protein content in milk. The results of the kappa-casein gene polymorphism study indicated that the AA genotype of cow-mothers of the Swiss breed was associated with higher productive milk qualities which should be taken into account when forming a highly productive herd of cattle of the Swiss breed under intensiveoperative technology at a large-scale dairy unit.

References

Adamov, N., Atanasov, B., Ilievska, K., Nikolovski, M., Dovenska, M., Petkov, V., & Dovenski, T. (2020). Allele and genotype frequencies of the kappa-casein (CSN3) kocus in Macedonian Holstein-Friesian cattle. Macedonian Veterinary Review, 43(1), 45–54.

Alim, M. A., Dong, T., Xie, Y., Wu, X. P., Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., & Sun, D. (2014). Effect of polymorphisms in the CSN3 (j-casein) gene on milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cattle. Molecular Biology Reports, 41, 7585–7593.

Bangar, Y. C., Magotra, A., Chauhan, A., & Yadav, A. (2021). Genetic polymorphisms of kappa casein gene and its association with milk and composition traits in cows: An updated meta-analysis. Meta Gene, 30, 100948.

Barbosa, S., Araújo, Í., Martins, M., Silva, E., Jacopini, L., Batista, Â., & Silva, M. (2019). Genetic association of variations in the kappa-casein and β-lactoglobulin genes with milk traits in girolando cattle. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 20, 1–12.

Behma, N. (2018). Vykorystannya kormiv [Use of feed]. Porohy, Dnipro (in Ukrainian).

Bilal, A., & Mehmet, U. (2014). Anаlysis of prolаctin аnd kаppа-cаsein genes polymorphism in four cаttle breeds in turkey. Annals of Animal Science, 14(4), 799–806.

Bilal, A., Ozgecan, K., & Okan, E. (2012). Genetic polymorphism of kappa-casein, growth hormone and prolactin genes in Turkish native cattle breeds. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 65(1), 38–44.

Deb, R., Singh, U., Kumar, S., Singh, R., Sengar, G., & Sharma, A. (2014). Genetic polymorphism and association of kappa-casein gene with milk production traits among Frieswal (HF × Sahiwal) cross breed of Indian origin. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 15(4), 406–408.

Dolmatova, I., & Ilyasov, A. (2011). Polimorfizm gena gormona rosta krupnogo rogatogo skota v svyazi s molochnoy produktivnostyu [Polymorphism of the bovine growth hormone gene in connection with milk production]. Genetics, 47(6), 1–7 (in Russian).

Dolmatova, I., & Valitov, F. (2015). Otsenka geneticheskogo potentsiala krupnogo rogatogo skota po markernym genam [Assessment of the genetic potential of cattle by marker genes]. Bulletin of the Bashkir University, 20(3), 850–853 (in Russian).

Doosti, A., Arshi, A., Vatankhah, M., & Amjadi, P. (2011). Kappa-casein gene polymorphism in Holstein and Iranian native cattle by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(25), 4957–4960.

Gribanova, Z. H., & Kurak, O. (2012). Polimorfizm gena alfa-laktalbumina i yego vliyaniye na molochnuyu produktivnost i kachestvennyye pokazateli moloka korov belorusskoy cherno-pestroy porody [Polymorphism of the alpha-lactalbumin gene and its influence on milk productivity and quality indicators of milk of cows of the Belarusian black-and-white breed]. Ecological Breeding Problems of Livestock Breeding, 13, 25–29 (in Russian).

Gurses, M., Yuce, H., Etem, E. O., & Patir, B. (2018). Polymorphisms of kappa-casein gene and their effects on milk production traits in Holstein, Jersey and Brown Swiss cattle. Animal Production Science, 58(5), 778.

Huiam, M., Eltahir, S., & Hamza, A. (2018). Molecular characterization of genetic variability among Sudanese Baggara Cattle within kappa casein CSN3 gene (exon V). Molecular Biology, 17, 198.

Ilie, D., Neamt, R., Popescu, C., & Saplacan, G. (2017). Preliminary report on CSN3 and LGB genes polymorphism among two romanian cattle breeds. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 50(1), 69–73.

Kopylov, K. (2010). Polimorfizm heniv asotsiyovanykh z hospodarsko korysnymy oznakamy (QTL) u riznykh pored velykoji rohatoji khudoby [Polymorphism of genes associated with economically useful traits (QTL) in different breeds of cattle]. Scientific Bulletin of Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv, 45, 52–58 (in Ukrainian).

Kopylova, K., Kopylov, K., Polupan, Y., Arnaut, K., & Metlyts'ka, O. (2010). Henetychna struktura ukrayinskoji chervonoji molochnoji porody za lokusamy kilkisnykh oznak (QTL) [Genetic structure of Ukrainian red dairy breed by loci of quantitative traits (QTL)]. Bulletin of Agrarian Science, 2, 40–45 (in Ukrainian).

Kostyunina, O., Bakay, A., Bushova, G., Lepekhina, T., & Gladyr’, Y. (2011). Vliyanie genotipov po DNK-markeram na pokazateli molochnoj produktivnosti korov cherno-pestroj porody [The influence of genotypes for DNA markers on the indicators of milk productivity of black-and-white cows]. Achievements of Science and Technology of the Agro-Industrial Complex, 10, 33–34 (in Russian).

Krupin, Y., Shakirov, S., & Tagirov, M. (2017). Molochnaja produktivnost’ i kachestvo moloka korov v zavisimosti ot genotipa [Dairy productivity and quality of cows milk depending on genotype]. Far Eastern Agrarian Bulletin, 44, 120–125 (in Russian).

Ladyka, V., Skljarenko, J., & Pavlenko, J. (2021). Analiz molochnoji produktyvnosti koriv ukrajins’koji buroji molochnoji porody riznykh genotypiv za kapa-kazejinom [Analysis of dairy productivity of cows of ukrainian brown dairy breed of different genotypes by kappa-casein]. Technology of Production and Processing of Livestock Products, 1, 74–81 (in Ukrainian).

Miluchová, M., Gábor, M., Candrák, J., Trakovická, A., & Candráková, K. (2018). Association of HindIII-polymorphism in kappa-casein gene with milk, fat and protein yield in holstein cattle. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 65(3), страницы? (in Ukrainian).

Moshkovs’ka, O. (2019). Analiz suchasnoho stanu molokoproduktyvnoho pidkompleksu Ukrajiny, problem yoho rozvytku ta shlyakhiv yikh vyrishennya [Analysis of the modern state of the dairy sub-complex of Ukraine, problems of its development and ways of their solution]. Agrosvit, 18, 16–23 (in Ukrainian).

Patel, J., & Chauhan, J. (2018). Computational analysis of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the bovine cattle kappa-casein (CSN3) gene. Meta Gene, 15, 1–9.

Pazzola, M., Vacca G., Noce, A., Porcedda, M., Onnis, M., Manca, N., & Dettori, M. (2020). Exploring the genotype at CSN3 gene, milk composition, coagulation and cheese-yield traits of the sardo-modicana, an autochthonous cattle breed from the Sardinia Region, Italy. Animals, 10(11), 1995.

Pishchan, I. (2016). Adaptatsija ta vtraty produktsiji shvitskymy korovamy riznoho ekolohichnoho pokhodzhennya na krupnomu promyslovomu kompleksi v zoni stepu Ukrajiny [Adaptation and losses of products by swedish cows of different ecological origin on a large industrial complex in the steppe zone of Ukraine]. Bulletin of the Institute of Agriculture of the Steppe Zone of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 11, 151–159 (in Ukrainian).

Plivachuk, O., & Dyman, T. (2015). Otsiniuvannia molochnoji produktyvnosti koriv u zvjazku z polimorfizmom hena alfa-laktalbuminu [Evaluation of milk productivity of cows in connection with polymorphism of the alpha-lactalbumin gene]. Technology of Production and Processing of Livestock Products, 2, 217–220 (in Ukrainian).

Prokopenko, O. (2019). Tvarynnytstvo Ukrajiny [Animal production of Ukraine]. State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).

Samorè, A., Canavesi, F., Rossoni, A., & Bagnato, A. (2012). Genetics of casein content in Brown Swiss and Italian Holstein dairy cattle breeds. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 11(2), 196. N.PAG. 7.

Sel'tsov, V., Kostyunina, O., Zagorodnev, Y., & Gladyr, Y. (2013). Otsenka molochnoj produktivnosti korov raznykh porod v svyazi s polimorfizmom po genu al’fa-laktal’bumina [Evaluation of milk productivity of cows of different breeds in connection with polymorphism in the alpha-lactalbumin gene]. Achievements of Science and Technology of the Agro-Industrial Complex, 3, 57–60 (in Russian).

Shevchenko, A., & Tabachuk, N. (2019). Cuchasnyy stan rynku molochnoji produktsiyi ta zabezpechennia jiji jakosti v umovakh jevrointehratsiji Ukrajiny [The current state of the dairy market and its quality assurance in the context of Ukraine’s European integration]. Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University, 27(2), 101–107 (in Ukrainian).

Suprovych, T., & Mokhnachova, N. (2017). Polimorfizm heniv hospodars’ko-korysnykh oznak siroji ukrayins’koji porody velykoji rohatoji khudoby [Gene polymorphism of economically-useful traits in Ukrainian gray cattle breed]. The Animal Biology, 19(1), 111–118 (in Ukrainian).

Suprovych, T., & Suprovych, M. (2013). Polimorfizm aleliv hena BOLA- DRB3 na prykladi ukrayins’kykh chorno-ryaboji ta chervono-riaboji molochnykh porid [Polymorphism of alleles of the BOLA-DRB3 gene on the example of Ukrainian black-spotted and red-spotted dairy breeds]. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 188(4), 193–203 (in Ukrainian).

Svezhentsov, A. (1998). Normirovannoe kormlenie sel’skokhoziajstvennykh zhivotnykh [Normalized feeding off arm animals]. Nauka i Obrazovaniye, Dnepropetrovsk (in Russian).

Volkandari, S., Indriawati, I., & Margawati, E. (2017). Genetic polymorphism of kappa-casein gene in Friesian Holstein: A basic selection of dairy cattle superiority. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 42(4), 213–219.

Kondo, Y., Takeshima, S. N., Aida, Y., Kosuglyama, M., & Tomagane, H. (2009). Association of BoLA- DRB3 alleles identified by a sequence-based typing method with mastitis pathogens in Japanese Holstein cows. Animal Science Journal, 80(5), 498–509.

Zepeda-Batista, J., Saavedra-Jiménez, L., Ruíz-Flores, A., Núñez-Domínguez, R., & Ramírez-Valverde, R. (2017). Potential influence of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin genes in genetic association studies of milk quality traits. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(12), 1684–1688.

Published
2021-08-28
How to Cite
Pishchan, S. G., & SylychenkoK. А. (2021). Characteristics of kappa-casein gene polymorphism in cows of Swiss breed and their productive qualities at a large dairy . Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 12(3), 513-518. https://doi.org/10.15421/022170