Evaluation of efficacy of a drug based on fipronil, ivermectin, and pyriproxyfen against ecto- and endoparasitic invasions of dogs and cats
Keywords:
parasitology; spot-on solution; flea infestation; Trichodectiae infestation; Felicola infestation; cheyletiellosis; Otodectes cynotis; uncinariasis; fipronil; ivermectin; pyriproxifen; drug efficacy
Abstract
Ecto- and endoparasitic invasions of dogs and cats are treated using drugs based on fipronil, ivermectin, and pyriproxyfen. That is why our objective was performing a field study to measure the efficacy of a complex drug with different mechanisms of the actions of its active agents against ecto- and endoparastitic invasions of dogs and cats using the spot-on application method. The paper presents data of the efficiency of the complex drug PerFect TRIO, antiparasitic drops for spot-on use against ecto- and endoparasitic invasions of dogs and cats of different breeds, ages, sexes, and body mass. Parasitological study of dogs found parasitism by the fleas Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans with the invasion intensity ranging 108 to 132 ectoparasite insects per animal, the average invasion intensity being 121.1 ± 3.17 ectoparasite insects per animal; Trichodectidae species such as Trichodectes canis, with the invasion intensity ranging 25 to 32 ectoparasite insects per 100 cm² of the body surface, averaging 28.6 ± 1.00 ectoparasite insects per 100 cm² of the body surface; and Trombidiformes such as Сheyletiella yasguri, the intensity being 24 to 41 ectoparasite mites per animal, the average intensity being 33.9 ± 2.52 mites per animal. According to the results of parasitological studies of cats, their bodies were parasitized by the fleas Ctenocephalides felis and Pulex irritans, with the invasion intensity ranging 58 to 80 ectoparasite insects per animal, with the average intensity of 67.7 ± 2.84 ectoparasite insects per animal, Trichodectidae species such as Felicola subrostratus with the invasion intensity of 17 to 26 ectoparasite insects per 100 cm² of the animal’s body surface, averaging 21.3 ± 1.38 ectoparasite insects per 100 cm² of the body surface; the ear mite Otodectes cynotis with the intensity ranging 4 to 9 mites per animal, the average intensity being 6.1 ± 0.7 mites per animal; and the endoparasite – the digestive-tract nematode Uncinaria stenocephala, with the invasion intensity (ІІ) of 28 to 41 eggs in one gram of feces (ЕGF), averaging 34.3 ± 2.06 ЕGF. In our study, local spot-on application of the tested drug PerFect TRIO, antiparasitic drops for dogs and cats, produced notable effects on wingless ectoparasite insects and acarians of the dogs. Therefore, the efficiency of the drug against Siphonaptera infestation of the dogs equaled 92.9% on the 8th h and 100% on the 24th and 72nd h; against Trichodectidae infestation, it was 91.5% effective on the first day and 100% on the second and seventh; against cheyletiellosis, it was 81.9% effective on the seventh day and 100% on days 14 and 21. As with the cats, parasitological studies found that the efficacy of the recommended doses of the tested drug against spontaneous Siphonaptera infestation was 92.0% on the 8th h and 100% on the 24th and 72nd h; against Felicola infestation, it was 90.6% effective on the first day and 100% on the second and seventh day; against otodectosis, the drug produced 81.4% efficacy on the 7th day and 100% on the 14th and 21st days; and against hookworm disease, the efficacy was 100% on days 7 and 14. Our field trials demonstrated that the tested antiparasitic drops for cats and dogs are easy-to-use, were well received by the animals regardless of breed, age, sex, body mass, and had no toxic impact on them, providing a broad range of treatment against ecto- and endoparasites of cats and dogs.References
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Elsheikha, H. M. (2023). Responsible use of parasiticides in pets. The Veterinary Nurse, 14(7), 286‒289.
Halos, L., Fourie, J. J., Fankhauser, B., & Beugnet, F. (2016). Knock-down and speed of kill of a combination of fipronil and permethrin for the prevention of Ctenocephalides felis flea infestation in dogs. Parasites and Vectors, 9, 57.
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Kruchynenko, O. V. (2020). Ectoparasites of dogs and cats (spreading and treat-ment). Bulletin of Poltava State Agrarian Academy, 3, 241–250.
Little, S. Е., Barrett, A. W., Nagamori, Y., Herrin, B. H., Normile, D., Heaney, K., & Armstrong, R. (2018). Cat ticks in the United States: Patterns of invasion and pathogen transmission. Veterinary Parasitology, 257, 15–20.
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Martyshuk, T., Gutyj, B., Vyshchur, O., Paterega, I., Kushnir, V., Bigdan, O., & Tkachenko, N. (2022). Study of acute and chronic toxicity of “Butaselmevit” on laboratory animals. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 13(3), 70–75.
Meola, R., Meier, K., Dean, S., & Bhaskaran, G. (2000). Effect of pyriproxyfen in the blood diet of cat fleas on adult survival, egg viability, and larval develop-ment. Journal of Medical Entomology, 37(4), 503–506.
Mylostyvyi, R., Souza-Junior, J. B. F., Rahmoun, D. E., Samardžija, M., Wrzecińska, M., Fares, M. A., Lone, F., Gutyj, B. G., & Mylostуva, D. (2023). Sewing thread lodged under a cat’s tongue caused an intestinal obstruction: A case report. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 5(4), 2023048.
Nunn-Brooks, L., Michael, R., Ravitz, L. B., Kordick, D., & Lappin, M. R. (2011). Efficacy of a single dose of an otic ivermectin preparation or selamectin for the treatment of Otodectes cynotis infestation in naturally infected cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 13(8), 622‒634.
Pagé, N., Jaham, C., & Paradis, M. (2000). Observations on topical ivermectin in the treatment of otoacariosis, cheyletiellosis, and toxocariosis in cats. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 41(10), 773–776.
Paradies, P., Buonfrate, D., Iatta, R., Iarussi, F., Giorli, G., Palmieri, V. O., Sasanelli, M., Perandin, F., Šlapeta, J., Capogna, A., Otranto, D., & Bisoffi, Z. (2019). Ef-ficacy of ivermectin to control Strongyloides stercoralis infection in sheltered dogs. Acta Tropica, 190, 204‒209.
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Published
2024-01-10
How to Cite
Yuskiv, I. D., Tishyn, O. L., & Yuskiv, L. L. (2024). Evaluation of efficacy of a drug based on fipronil, ivermectin, and pyriproxyfen against ecto- and endoparasitic invasions of dogs and cats . Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 15(1), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.15421/022417
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