Obtaining morphometric standards of drone wings of separate populations of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Ukraine
Keywords:
classical morphometry; bee wings; drones; discriminant analysis
Abstract
Today, there are no systematic studies on the wing phenotypes of drone populations of the honeybee widespread in Ukraine. Considering that drone genomes are haploid, this allows one to establish the correspondence between the phenotype and the drone genome, thereby roughly determining the queen's genome in the part responsible for the wing phenotype. This partially compensates for the lack of resources among domestic scientists to conduct genetic research on bees. The aim of the study was to examine the wings of drones from several apiaries in the Kharkiv, Sumy, Poltava, and Zhytomyr regions, identify typical phenotypes, and attempt their taxonomic identification. Using discriminant analysis, 4640 drone wings were classified into three clusters. A two-step scheme for forming significantly different phenotype clusters of wings was proposed. Initially, based on the similarity of Euclidean distances and Mahalanobis distances (<2.6) between clusters, three groups were obtained, which, for refinement, underwent a second classification. As a result, average values and confidence intervals of eight morphometric traits were established: Ci, Dbi, Disc.sh, Pci, Ri, Ci.3, Ci.2.1, Ci.2.2 for the three wing groups. It is suggested to accept the trait values of these groups as reference data: one as a local population of the A. m. carnica subspecies, and the other two as regional standards for Ukrainian bees. Based on the obtained standards, a significant presence of A. m. carnica subspecies bees was established in all studied apiaries, except for the apiary with the status of a breeding ground for Ukrainian steppe bees (Kuzemin village, Sumy region), where such presence is minimal. This fact indicates the need for special measures to reproduce and expand the ranges of existence of local populations of Ukrainian steppe bees. The example of creating local and regional morphometric standards provided in this work is specifically designed to address this issue.References
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Cherevatov, O. V., Panchuk, I. I., Kerek, S. S., & Volkov, R. A. (2019). Molecular diversity of the CoI-CoII spacer region in the mitochondrial genome and the origin of the Carpathian bee. Cytology and Genetics, 4, 13–14.
Han, F., Wallberg, A., & Webster, M. T. (2012). Webster from where did the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) originate? Ecology and Evolution, 2(8), 1949–1957.
Galatiuk, O., Yarovets, V., Babenko, V., Cherevatov, V., Grigorenko, A., Strilchuk, M., & Kryvchenko, O. (2023). Morfometrijia kryl robochykh bdzhil tsentralnoji ta pivnichnoji chastyn Ukrajiny [Wing morphometry of worker bees in the central and northern parts of Ukraine]. Tekhnolohija Vyrobnytstva i Pererobky Produktsiji Tvarynnytstva, 1, 74–87 (in Ukrainian).
Galatiuk, O., Trush, R., & Yarovets, V. (2023). Lokalnyj morfometrychnyj etalon kryl trutniv pidvydu A. m. caucasica [Local morphometric standard of drone wings of the subspecies A. m. caucasica]. Khmelnytskyi Pasichnik, 10(235), 20–21. (in Ukrainian).
Groeneveld, L. F., Kirkerud, L. A., Dahle, B., Sunding, M., Flobakk, M., Kjos, M., Henriques, D., Pinto, M. A., & Berg, P. (2020). Conservation of the dark bee (Apis mellifera mellifera): Estimating c-lineage introgression in Nordic breeding stocks. Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science, 69(1–2), 157–168.
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Hryhorkiv, L. M. (2018). Porivnial’na otsinka yakosti bdzhil vid matok riznykh pokolin’ henealohichnykh hrup [Comparative assessment of the quality of bees from queens of different generations of genealogical groups]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 3, 29–35 (in Ukrainian).
Kerek, S. S., & Kerek, P. M. (2017). Osoblyvosti porodnoji kharakterystyky mistsevykh bdzhil nyzynnykh rajioniv Zakarpatskoji oblasti [Peculiarities of breed characteristics of local bees in the lowland areas of the Transcarpathian region]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 2, 115–128 (in Ukrainian).
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Kerek, S. S., Keil, E. I., Kerek, P. M., Kizman-Baiza, A. A., Mertsyn, I. I., & Papp, V. V. (2020). Doslidzhennia porodnykh osoblyvostej mistsevykh bdzhil Rakhivs’koho raionu Zakarpatskoji oblasti [Study of breed characteristics of local bees of the Rakhiv district of Zakarpattia region]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 4, 25–27 (in Ukrainian).
Meixner, M. D., Worobik, M., Wilde, J., Fuchs, S., & Koenigen, N. (2007). Apis mellifera mellifera in Eastern Europe – morphometric variation and determina-tion of its range limits. Apidologie, 38(2), 191–197.
Metlytska, O. I., Polishchuk, V. P., & Taran, S. I. (2010). Zastosuvannia metodiv morfometriji ta molekuliarno-henetychnoji otsinky pry vyznacheni chystopo-rodnosti ukrajins’kykh bdzhil [Application of morphometry and molecular genetic assessment methods for determining purebredness of Ukrainian bees]. Biolohija Tvaryn, 12(1), 254–259 (in Ukrainian).
Metlytska, O. I., Polishchuk, V. P., & Vydryk, A. V. (2011). Molekuliarno-henetychni osoblyvosti bdzhil ukrajinskoji ta karpatskoji porid v porivnianni z oznakamy yikh eksterieru [Molecular and genetic features of bees of Ukrainian and Carpathian breeds in comparison with their exterior characteristics]. Naukovi Dopovidi NUBiP, 26, 4–11 (in Ukrainian).
Mertsyn, I. I. (2006). Breeding of bees of the Rakhiv type in Zakarpattia region [Breeding of bees of the Rakhiv type in the Transcarpathian region]. Naukovyj Visnyk Natsional’noho Ahrarnoho Universytetu, 94, 69–78 (in Ukrainian).
Papp, V. V., Kizman-Baiza, A. A., & Plyska, V. M. (2017). Otsinka prostykh mizhtypovykh hibrydiv karpatskykh bdzhil v pari poiednan’ Synevir ta Vuchkivskoho [Evaluation of simple interspecific hybrids of Carpathian bees in a pair of Synevir and Vuchkivsky combinations]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 2, 158–165 (in Ukrainian).
Papp, V. V., Metlytska, O. I., & Palkina, M. D. (2017). Henetychni osoblyvosti populiatsiji karpats’kykh bdzhil chotyriokh providnykh typiv [Genetic features of the Carpathian bee population of the four leading types]. Rozvedennia i Henetyka Tvaryn, 53, 228–235 (in Ukrainian).
Petko, M. S., & Fedorovych, V. V. (2022). Ekster’erni oznaky ta morfometrychni pokaznyky kryla bdzhil riznykh selektsijnykh krosiv karpats’koji porody [Exterior features and morphometric parameters of the bees’ wing of different breeding crosses of the Carpathian breed]. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Series: Agricultural Sciences, 24(96), 101–105 (in Ukrainian).
Polishchuk, V. P. (2001). Bdzhil’nytstvo [Apiculture]. Ukrajinskyj Pasichnyk, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Polishchuk, V. P. (2006). Vnutrishnoporodnyj typ ukrajins’kykh bdzhil “Khmel’nytskyi” [Intrabreed type of Ukrainian bees “Khmelnytskyi”]. Pasichnyk, 1, 12–13 (in Ukrainian).
Polishchuk, V. P. (2007). Selektsiia ukrajinskykh bdzhil [Selection of Ukrainian bees]. Pasika, 11, 2–5 (in Ukrainian).
Polishchuk, V. P., Golovetskyi, I. I., & Skrypnyk, V. V. (2006). Rozvytok henealo-hichnykh hrup i zberezhennia oznak porody bdzhil khmel’nytskoho typu [The development of genealogical groups and the preservation of traits of the Khmel’nytsky type bee breed]. Naukovyj Visnyk Natsional’noho Ahrarnoho Universytetu, 94, 13–23 (in Ukrainian).
Ruttner, F. (1988). Biogeography and taxonomy of honeybees. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
The Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium (2006). Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Nature, 443(7114), 931–949.
Yarovets, V. I., Babenko, V. V., Galatiuk, O. E., Cherevatov, O. V., & Syrotyak, I. Y. (2023). Morfometrija kryl trutniv Karpats’koho rehionu (Stryiskyj rajon, Skolivska hromada) [Morphometry of the wings of drones of the Carpathian region (Strysky district, Skoliv community)]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 10, 95–106 (in Ukrainian).
Yarovets, V. I., Babenko, V. V., Galatiuk, O. E., & Cherevatov, V. F. (2023). Prak-tychne vykorystannia klasychnoji morfometriji kryl trutniv [Practical use of classical drone wing morphometry]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 10, 83–94 (in Ukrainian).
Yarovets, V. I., Babenko, V. V., & Galatiuk, O. I. (2022). Morfometrija kryl bdzhil za vismoma oznakamy indeksamy: Ci, Dbi, Disc.sh, Pci, Ri, Ci.2, Ci.2.1, Ci.3 [Morphometry of bee wings according to eight signs (indexes): Ci, Dbi, Disc.sh, Pci, Ri, Ci.2, Ci.2.1, Ci.3]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 8, 65–71 (in Ukrainian).
Yerina, A. M., & Yerin, D. L. (2014). Statystychne modeliuvannia ta prohnozuvan-nia [Statistical modeling and forecasting], KNEU, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Cherevatov, V. F., Ferkalyak, V. Y., & Volkov, R. A. (2014). Nekontroliovana hibrydyzatsija bdzholy medonosnoji (Apis mellifera L.) na terytoriji Ivano-Frankivs’koji oblasti [Uncontrolled hybridization of the honey bee (Apis melli-fera L.) in the territory of the Ivano-Frankivsk region]. Visnyk Ukrajinskoho Tovarystva Henetykiv i Selektsioneriv, 12(2), 234–240 (in Ukrainian).
Cherevatov, O. V., Panchuk, I. I., Kerek, S. S., & Volkov, R. A. (2019). Molecular diversity of the CoI-CoII spacer region in the mitochondrial genome and the origin of the Carpathian bee. Cytology and Genetics, 4, 13–14.
Han, F., Wallberg, A., & Webster, M. T. (2012). Webster from where did the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) originate? Ecology and Evolution, 2(8), 1949–1957.
Galatiuk, O., Yarovets, V., Babenko, V., Cherevatov, V., Grigorenko, A., Strilchuk, M., & Kryvchenko, O. (2023). Morfometrijia kryl robochykh bdzhil tsentralnoji ta pivnichnoji chastyn Ukrajiny [Wing morphometry of worker bees in the central and northern parts of Ukraine]. Tekhnolohija Vyrobnytstva i Pererobky Produktsiji Tvarynnytstva, 1, 74–87 (in Ukrainian).
Galatiuk, O., Trush, R., & Yarovets, V. (2023). Lokalnyj morfometrychnyj etalon kryl trutniv pidvydu A. m. caucasica [Local morphometric standard of drone wings of the subspecies A. m. caucasica]. Khmelnytskyi Pasichnik, 10(235), 20–21. (in Ukrainian).
Groeneveld, L. F., Kirkerud, L. A., Dahle, B., Sunding, M., Flobakk, M., Kjos, M., Henriques, D., Pinto, M. A., & Berg, P. (2020). Conservation of the dark bee (Apis mellifera mellifera): Estimating c-lineage introgression in Nordic breeding stocks. Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science, 69(1–2), 157–168.
Henriques, D., Parejo, M., Vignal, A., Wragg, D., Wallberg, A., Webster, M., & Pinto, M. A. (2018). Developing reduced SNP assays from whole-genome se-quence data to estimate introgression in an organism with complex genetic pat-terns, the Iberian honeybee (Apis mellifera iberiensis). Evolutionary Applica-tions, 11(8), 1270–1282.
Hryhorkiv, L. M. (2018). Porivnial’na otsinka yakosti bdzhil vid matok riznykh pokolin’ henealohichnykh hrup [Comparative assessment of the quality of bees from queens of different generations of genealogical groups]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 3, 29–35 (in Ukrainian).
Kerek, S. S., & Kerek, P. M. (2017). Osoblyvosti porodnoji kharakterystyky mistsevykh bdzhil nyzynnykh rajioniv Zakarpatskoji oblasti [Peculiarities of breed characteristics of local bees in the lowland areas of the Transcarpathian region]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 2, 115–128 (in Ukrainian).
Kerek, S. S., & Kerek, P. M. (2018). Porodna kharakterystyka bdzhil, shcho naseliajut rajony Zakarpatskoji oblasti z horystoju mistsevistiu [Breed characteristics of bees inhabiting regions of Zakarpattia region with mountainous terrain]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 3, 50–62 (in Ukrainian).
Kerek, S. S., Keil, E. I., Kerek, P. M., Kizman-Baiza, A. A., Mertsyn, I. I., & Papp, V. V. (2020). Doslidzhennia porodnykh osoblyvostej mistsevykh bdzhil Rakhivs’koho raionu Zakarpatskoji oblasti [Study of breed characteristics of local bees of the Rakhiv district of Zakarpattia region]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 4, 25–27 (in Ukrainian).
Meixner, M. D., Worobik, M., Wilde, J., Fuchs, S., & Koenigen, N. (2007). Apis mellifera mellifera in Eastern Europe – morphometric variation and determina-tion of its range limits. Apidologie, 38(2), 191–197.
Metlytska, O. I., Polishchuk, V. P., & Taran, S. I. (2010). Zastosuvannia metodiv morfometriji ta molekuliarno-henetychnoji otsinky pry vyznacheni chystopo-rodnosti ukrajins’kykh bdzhil [Application of morphometry and molecular genetic assessment methods for determining purebredness of Ukrainian bees]. Biolohija Tvaryn, 12(1), 254–259 (in Ukrainian).
Metlytska, O. I., Polishchuk, V. P., & Vydryk, A. V. (2011). Molekuliarno-henetychni osoblyvosti bdzhil ukrajinskoji ta karpatskoji porid v porivnianni z oznakamy yikh eksterieru [Molecular and genetic features of bees of Ukrainian and Carpathian breeds in comparison with their exterior characteristics]. Naukovi Dopovidi NUBiP, 26, 4–11 (in Ukrainian).
Mertsyn, I. I. (2006). Breeding of bees of the Rakhiv type in Zakarpattia region [Breeding of bees of the Rakhiv type in the Transcarpathian region]. Naukovyj Visnyk Natsional’noho Ahrarnoho Universytetu, 94, 69–78 (in Ukrainian).
Papp, V. V., Kizman-Baiza, A. A., & Plyska, V. M. (2017). Otsinka prostykh mizhtypovykh hibrydiv karpatskykh bdzhil v pari poiednan’ Synevir ta Vuchkivskoho [Evaluation of simple interspecific hybrids of Carpathian bees in a pair of Synevir and Vuchkivsky combinations]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 2, 158–165 (in Ukrainian).
Papp, V. V., Metlytska, O. I., & Palkina, M. D. (2017). Henetychni osoblyvosti populiatsiji karpats’kykh bdzhil chotyriokh providnykh typiv [Genetic features of the Carpathian bee population of the four leading types]. Rozvedennia i Henetyka Tvaryn, 53, 228–235 (in Ukrainian).
Petko, M. S., & Fedorovych, V. V. (2022). Ekster’erni oznaky ta morfometrychni pokaznyky kryla bdzhil riznykh selektsijnykh krosiv karpats’koji porody [Exterior features and morphometric parameters of the bees’ wing of different breeding crosses of the Carpathian breed]. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Series: Agricultural Sciences, 24(96), 101–105 (in Ukrainian).
Polishchuk, V. P. (2001). Bdzhil’nytstvo [Apiculture]. Ukrajinskyj Pasichnyk, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Polishchuk, V. P. (2006). Vnutrishnoporodnyj typ ukrajins’kykh bdzhil “Khmel’nytskyi” [Intrabreed type of Ukrainian bees “Khmelnytskyi”]. Pasichnyk, 1, 12–13 (in Ukrainian).
Polishchuk, V. P. (2007). Selektsiia ukrajinskykh bdzhil [Selection of Ukrainian bees]. Pasika, 11, 2–5 (in Ukrainian).
Polishchuk, V. P., Golovetskyi, I. I., & Skrypnyk, V. V. (2006). Rozvytok henealo-hichnykh hrup i zberezhennia oznak porody bdzhil khmel’nytskoho typu [The development of genealogical groups and the preservation of traits of the Khmel’nytsky type bee breed]. Naukovyj Visnyk Natsional’noho Ahrarnoho Universytetu, 94, 13–23 (in Ukrainian).
Ruttner, F. (1988). Biogeography and taxonomy of honeybees. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
The Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium (2006). Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Nature, 443(7114), 931–949.
Yarovets, V. I., Babenko, V. V., Galatiuk, O. E., Cherevatov, O. V., & Syrotyak, I. Y. (2023). Morfometrija kryl trutniv Karpats’koho rehionu (Stryiskyj rajon, Skolivska hromada) [Morphometry of the wings of drones of the Carpathian region (Strysky district, Skoliv community)]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 10, 95–106 (in Ukrainian).
Yarovets, V. I., Babenko, V. V., Galatiuk, O. E., & Cherevatov, V. F. (2023). Prak-tychne vykorystannia klasychnoji morfometriji kryl trutniv [Practical use of classical drone wing morphometry]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 10, 83–94 (in Ukrainian).
Yarovets, V. I., Babenko, V. V., & Galatiuk, O. I. (2022). Morfometrija kryl bdzhil za vismoma oznakamy indeksamy: Ci, Dbi, Disc.sh, Pci, Ri, Ci.2, Ci.2.1, Ci.3 [Morphometry of bee wings according to eight signs (indexes): Ci, Dbi, Disc.sh, Pci, Ri, Ci.2, Ci.2.1, Ci.3]. Bdzhil’nytstvo Ukrajiny, 8, 65–71 (in Ukrainian).
Yerina, A. M., & Yerin, D. L. (2014). Statystychne modeliuvannia ta prohnozuvan-nia [Statistical modeling and forecasting], KNEU, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Published
2024-02-23
How to Cite
Galatiuk, O. Y., Zastulka, M. V., Cherevatov, V. F., Yarovets, V. I., & Egoshin, L. R. (2024). Obtaining morphometric standards of drone wings of separate populations of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Ukraine . Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 15(1), 92-96. https://doi.org/10.15421/022413
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