Morphological features of the cuticle of hatching eggs of chickens and turkeys subjected to pre-incubation treatment
Keywords:
technology; air temperature; live weight; average daily gain; clinical parameters
Abstract
Improving the productivity of poultry, especially egg crosses, depends on the quality of the bioceramic calcite (CaCO3) layers and surface glycoprotein film of the egg (cuticle). These are the barriers that control the flow of gases and water vapor. Any disruptions in the transport process can lead to a significant reduction in egg hatchability. It has been proven that treatment of chicken and turkey eggs with acid solutions (acetic acid or hydrochloric acid) and sodium hypochlorite prior to hatching has increased egg hatchability compared to the control. In view of this, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective structures of incubation eggs of chickens and turkeys using non-destructive electron microscopic methods and computer processing of digital images of the cuticle coatings of these eggs for reliable prediction of the degree of increase in gas permeability of the cuticle-shell system due to the destructive effect of various chemicals, including disinfectants, for pre-hatching egg treatment. In the experiments, hatching eggs of Leghorn White hens (n = 90) 15–20 weeks of laying and Broad Breasted White turkeys (n = 80) were used. The antimicrobial agents used in the experiments were a 0.6% solution (0.08 mol/L) of sodium hypochlorite, a 2.5% solution (0.4 mol/L) of acetic acid, and a 5.0% solution (1.40 mol/L) of hydrochloric acid. Using the computer analysis of digital electron microscopic images of the egg surface with the software packages Visilog and FemtoScan Online, it was experimentally proved that the destructive effect of these substances on the cuticle-shell system increases in the range of sodium hypochlorite < hydrochloric acid < acetic acid, which positively correlates with the gas permeability of hatching eggs of chickens and turkeys and the egg hatchability index. The presence of fundamentally different morphological features and correlations of the cuticle of chicken and turkey eggs in response to the action of acids and oxidants used for pre-hatching treatment was shown. The digital markers of the cuticle-shell system state, obtained from analytical programs of digital images, have been established, which makes it possible to reliably predict the indicators of increasing the hatchability of chicken and turkey eggs under the conditions of using certain chemicals. The prospect of further research is to study the effect of modern complex antimicrobial agents on the hatchability of poultry eggs of different species.References
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Clark, D. L., Walter, K. G., & Velleman, S. G. (2017). Incubation temperature and time of hatch impact broiler muscle growth and morphology. Poultry Science, 96(11), 4085–4095.
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Hedlund, L., & Jensen, P. (2021). Incubation and hatching conditions of laying hen chicks explain a large part of the stress effects from commercial large-scale hat-cheries. Poultry Science, 100(1), 1–8.
Jones, D. R., & Musgrove, M. T. (2005). Correlation of eggshell strength and Sal-monella enteritidis contamination of commercial shell eggs. Journal of Food Protection, 68(10), 2035–2038.
Joonbum, L., Wonjun, C., & Kichoon, L. (2023). Distribution of nanospheres in the cuticle layer of the eggshell in major poultry species. Poultry Science, 102(9), 102882.
Kennedy, D. A., Cairns, C., Jones, M. J., Bell, A. S., Salathé, R. M., Baigent, S. J., Nair, V. K., Dunn, P. A., & Read, A. F. (2017). Industry-wide surveillance of Marek’s disease virus on commercial poultry farms. Avian Diseases, 61(2), 153–164.
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Lee, J., Choi, W., & Lee, K. (2023). Distribution of nanospheres in the cuticle layer of the eggshell in major poultry species. Poultry Science, 102(9), 102882.
Madkour, F. A., & Abdelsabour-Khalaf, M. (2022). Scanning electron microscopy of the nasal skin in different animal species as a method for forensic identifica-tion. Microscopy Research and Technique, 85(5), 1643–1653.
Melo, E. F., Araújo, I. C. S., Triginelli, M. V., Castro, F. L. S., Baião, N. C., & Lara, L. J. C. (2021). Effect of egg storage duration and egg turning during storage on egg quality and hatching of broiler hatching eggs. Animal, 15(2), 100111.
Melo, E. F., Clímaco, W. L. S., Triginelli, M. V., Vaz, D. P., De Souza, M. R., Baião, N. C., Pompeu, M. A., & Lara, L. J. C. (2019). An evaluation of alternative me-thods for sanitizing hatching eggs. Poultry Science, 98(6), 2466–2473.
Mesquita, M. A., Araújo, I., Café, M. B., Arnhold, E., Mascarenhas, A. G., Carvalho, F. B., Stringhini, J. H., Leandro, N., & Gonzales, E. (2021). Results of hatching and rearing broiler chickens in different incubation systems. Poultry Science, 100(1), 94–102.
Moriyama, M., Yasuyama, K., & Numata, H. (2021). The formation of a hatching line in the serosal cuticle confers multifaceted adaptive functions on the eggshell of a cicada. Zoological Letters, 7(1), 8.
Nasri, H., van den Brand, H., Najjar, T., & Bouzouaia, M. (2020). Egg storage and breeder age impact on egg quality and embryo development. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 104(1), 257–268.
Niu, B., Huai, W., Deng, Z., & Chen, Q. (2017). Fungicidal, corrosive, and muta-tionnal effects of polyhexamethylene biguanide combined with 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione. BioMed Research International, 2017, 4357031.
Oliveira, G., Dos Santos, V. M., Nascimento, S. T., & Rodrigues, J. C. (2020). Alternative sanitizers to paraformaldehyde for incubation of fertile eggs. Poultry Science, 99(4), 2001–2006.
Olsen, R., Kudirkiene, E., Thøfner, I., Pors, S., Karlskov-Mortensen, P., Li, L., Papasolomontos, S., Angastiniotou, C., & Christensen, J. (2017). Impact of egg disinfection of hatching eggs on the eggshell microbiome and bacterial load. Poultry Science, 96(11), 3901–3911.
Orobchenko, O., Koreneva, Y., Paliy, A., Rodionova, K., Korenev, M., Kravchenko, N., Pavlichenko, O., Tkachuk, S., Nechyporenko, O., & Nazarenko, S. (2022). Bromine in chicken eggs, feed, and water from different regions of Ukraine. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 16, 42–54.
Paliy, A. P. (2018). Differential sensitivity of mycobacterium to chlorine disinfec-tants. Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal, 80(2), 104–116.
Ramzan, F., Klees, S., Schmitt, A. O., Cavero, D., & Gültas, M. (2020). Identification of age-specific and common key regulatory mechanisms governing eggshell strength in chicken using random forests. Genes, 11(4), 464.
Rehkopf, A. C., Byrd, J. A., Coufal, C. D., & Duong, T. (2017). Advanced oxidation process sanitization of hatching eggs reduces Salmonella in broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 96(10), 3709–3716.
Riaz, M. F., Mahmud, A., Hussain, J., Rehman, A. U., Usman, M., Mehmood, S., & Ahmad, S. (2021). Impact of light stimulation during incubation on hatching traits and post-hatch performance of commercial broilers. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(1), 107.
Solomon, S. E. (2010). The eggshell: Strength, structure and function. British Poultry Science, 51(Suppl. 1), 52–59.
Sozcu, A., & Ipek, A. (2015). Acute and chronic eggshell temperature manipulations during hatching term influence hatchability, broiler performance, and ascites incidence. Poultry Science, 94(2), 319–327.
Sylte, M. J., Chandra, L. C., & Looft, T. (2017). Evaluation of disinfectants and antiseptics to eliminate bacteria from the surface of turkey eggs and hatch gno-tobiotic poults. Poultry Science, 96(7), 2412–2420.
Tebrün, W., Motola, G., Hafez, M. H., Bachmeier, J., Schmidt, V., Renfert, K., Reichelt, C., Brüggemann-Schwarze, S., & Pees, M. (2020). Preliminary study: Health and performance assessment in broiler chicks following application of six different hatching egg disinfection protocols. PloS One, 15(5), e0232825.
Wlazlo, L., Drabik, K., Al-Shammari, K. I. A., Batkowska, J., Nowakowicz-Debek, B., & Gryzińska, M. (2020). Use of reactive oxygen species (ozone, hydrogen peroxide) for disinfection of hatching eggs. Poultry Science, 99(5), 2478–2484.
Zhong, Z., Yu, Y., Jin, S., & Pan, J. (2018). Effects of mixing eggs of different initial incubation time on the hatching pattern, chick embryonic development and post-hatch performance. PeerJ, 6, e4634.
Adegbenjo, A. O., Liu, L., & Ngadi, M. O. (2020). Non-destructive assessment of chicken egg fertility. Sensors, 20(19), 5546.
Albokhadaim, I. F., Ismail, I. B., El-Bahr, S. M., & Althnaian, T. (2010). The effect of manipulations of incubation temperature on embryonic and post-hatching growth of native Saudi chickens. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 13(17), 852–856.
Attard, M. R. G., Bowen, J., & Portugal, S. J. (2023). Surface texture heterogeneity in maculated bird eggshells. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 20(204), 20230293.
Ben Sassi, N., Averós, X., & Estevez, I. (2016). Technology and poultry welfare. Animals, 6(10), 62.
Bogach, M., Paliy, A., Liulin, P., Perots’ka, L., Bohach, O., Pyvovarova, I., & Palii, A. (2021). Parasites of domestic and wild pigeons in the south of Ukraine. Bio-systems Diversity, 29(2), 135–139.
Breslavets, V. O., Stegniy, B. T., Bezrukava, I. Y., Kalin, P. S., & Dunaev, Y. K. (2006). Incubation of poultry eggs. Methodological manual. NSC IEKVM, Kharkiv (in Ukrainian).
Chen, X., Li, X., He, Z., Hou, Z., Xu, G., Yang, N., & Zheng, J. (2019). Comparative study of eggshell antibacterial effectivity in precocial and altricial birds using Escherichia coli. PLoS One, 14(7), e0220054.
Chung, H., Kim, H., Myeong, D., Kim, S., & Choe, N. H. (2018). Effect of chlorine dioxide gas application to egg surface: Microbial reduction effect, quality of eggs, and hatchability. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 38(3), 487–497.
Clark, D. L., Walter, K. G., & Velleman, S. G. (2017). Incubation temperature and time of hatch impact broiler muscle growth and morphology. Poultry Science, 96(11), 4085–4095.
D’alba, L., Maia, R., Hauber, M. E., & Shawkey, M. D. (2016). The evolution of eggshell cuticle in relation to nesting ecology. Proceedings. Biological Sciences, 283(1836), 20160687.
De Ketelaere, B., Govaerts, T., Coucke, P., Dewil, E., Visscher, J., Decuypere, E., & De Baerdemaeker, J. (2002). Measuring the eggshell strength of 6 different ge-netic strains of laying hens: Techniques and comparisons. British Poultry Science, 43(2), 238–244.
Goliomytis, M., Tsipouzian, T., & Hager-Theodorides, A. L. (2015). Effects of egg storage on hatchability, chick quality, performance and immunocompetence parameters of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 94(9), 2257–2265.
Ha, Y. W., Son, M. J., Yun, K. S., & Kim, Y. S. (2007). Relationship between eggshell strength and keratan sulfate of eggshell membranes. Comparative Bio-chemistry and Physiology, 147(4), 1109–1115.
Hedlund, L., & Jensen, P. (2021). Incubation and hatching conditions of laying hen chicks explain a large part of the stress effects from commercial large-scale hat-cheries. Poultry Science, 100(1), 1–8.
Jones, D. R., & Musgrove, M. T. (2005). Correlation of eggshell strength and Sal-monella enteritidis contamination of commercial shell eggs. Journal of Food Protection, 68(10), 2035–2038.
Joonbum, L., Wonjun, C., & Kichoon, L. (2023). Distribution of nanospheres in the cuticle layer of the eggshell in major poultry species. Poultry Science, 102(9), 102882.
Kennedy, D. A., Cairns, C., Jones, M. J., Bell, A. S., Salathé, R. M., Baigent, S. J., Nair, V. K., Dunn, P. A., & Read, A. F. (2017). Industry-wide surveillance of Marek’s disease virus on commercial poultry farms. Avian Diseases, 61(2), 153–164.
Kulshreshtha, G., D'alba, L., Dunn, I., Réhault-Godbert, S., Rodrigues-Navarro, A., & Hincke, M. (2022). Properties, genetics and innate immune function of the cuticle in egg-laying species. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 838525.
Lee, J., Choi, W., & Lee, K. (2023). Distribution of nanospheres in the cuticle layer of the eggshell in major poultry species. Poultry Science, 102(9), 102882.
Madkour, F. A., & Abdelsabour-Khalaf, M. (2022). Scanning electron microscopy of the nasal skin in different animal species as a method for forensic identifica-tion. Microscopy Research and Technique, 85(5), 1643–1653.
Melo, E. F., Araújo, I. C. S., Triginelli, M. V., Castro, F. L. S., Baião, N. C., & Lara, L. J. C. (2021). Effect of egg storage duration and egg turning during storage on egg quality and hatching of broiler hatching eggs. Animal, 15(2), 100111.
Melo, E. F., Clímaco, W. L. S., Triginelli, M. V., Vaz, D. P., De Souza, M. R., Baião, N. C., Pompeu, M. A., & Lara, L. J. C. (2019). An evaluation of alternative me-thods for sanitizing hatching eggs. Poultry Science, 98(6), 2466–2473.
Mesquita, M. A., Araújo, I., Café, M. B., Arnhold, E., Mascarenhas, A. G., Carvalho, F. B., Stringhini, J. H., Leandro, N., & Gonzales, E. (2021). Results of hatching and rearing broiler chickens in different incubation systems. Poultry Science, 100(1), 94–102.
Moriyama, M., Yasuyama, K., & Numata, H. (2021). The formation of a hatching line in the serosal cuticle confers multifaceted adaptive functions on the eggshell of a cicada. Zoological Letters, 7(1), 8.
Nasri, H., van den Brand, H., Najjar, T., & Bouzouaia, M. (2020). Egg storage and breeder age impact on egg quality and embryo development. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 104(1), 257–268.
Niu, B., Huai, W., Deng, Z., & Chen, Q. (2017). Fungicidal, corrosive, and muta-tionnal effects of polyhexamethylene biguanide combined with 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione. BioMed Research International, 2017, 4357031.
Oliveira, G., Dos Santos, V. M., Nascimento, S. T., & Rodrigues, J. C. (2020). Alternative sanitizers to paraformaldehyde for incubation of fertile eggs. Poultry Science, 99(4), 2001–2006.
Olsen, R., Kudirkiene, E., Thøfner, I., Pors, S., Karlskov-Mortensen, P., Li, L., Papasolomontos, S., Angastiniotou, C., & Christensen, J. (2017). Impact of egg disinfection of hatching eggs on the eggshell microbiome and bacterial load. Poultry Science, 96(11), 3901–3911.
Orobchenko, O., Koreneva, Y., Paliy, A., Rodionova, K., Korenev, M., Kravchenko, N., Pavlichenko, O., Tkachuk, S., Nechyporenko, O., & Nazarenko, S. (2022). Bromine in chicken eggs, feed, and water from different regions of Ukraine. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 16, 42–54.
Paliy, A. P. (2018). Differential sensitivity of mycobacterium to chlorine disinfec-tants. Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal, 80(2), 104–116.
Ramzan, F., Klees, S., Schmitt, A. O., Cavero, D., & Gültas, M. (2020). Identification of age-specific and common key regulatory mechanisms governing eggshell strength in chicken using random forests. Genes, 11(4), 464.
Rehkopf, A. C., Byrd, J. A., Coufal, C. D., & Duong, T. (2017). Advanced oxidation process sanitization of hatching eggs reduces Salmonella in broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 96(10), 3709–3716.
Riaz, M. F., Mahmud, A., Hussain, J., Rehman, A. U., Usman, M., Mehmood, S., & Ahmad, S. (2021). Impact of light stimulation during incubation on hatching traits and post-hatch performance of commercial broilers. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(1), 107.
Solomon, S. E. (2010). The eggshell: Strength, structure and function. British Poultry Science, 51(Suppl. 1), 52–59.
Sozcu, A., & Ipek, A. (2015). Acute and chronic eggshell temperature manipulations during hatching term influence hatchability, broiler performance, and ascites incidence. Poultry Science, 94(2), 319–327.
Sylte, M. J., Chandra, L. C., & Looft, T. (2017). Evaluation of disinfectants and antiseptics to eliminate bacteria from the surface of turkey eggs and hatch gno-tobiotic poults. Poultry Science, 96(7), 2412–2420.
Tebrün, W., Motola, G., Hafez, M. H., Bachmeier, J., Schmidt, V., Renfert, K., Reichelt, C., Brüggemann-Schwarze, S., & Pees, M. (2020). Preliminary study: Health and performance assessment in broiler chicks following application of six different hatching egg disinfection protocols. PloS One, 15(5), e0232825.
Wlazlo, L., Drabik, K., Al-Shammari, K. I. A., Batkowska, J., Nowakowicz-Debek, B., & Gryzińska, M. (2020). Use of reactive oxygen species (ozone, hydrogen peroxide) for disinfection of hatching eggs. Poultry Science, 99(5), 2478–2484.
Zhong, Z., Yu, Y., Jin, S., & Pan, J. (2018). Effects of mixing eggs of different initial incubation time on the hatching pattern, chick embryonic development and post-hatch performance. PeerJ, 6, e4634.
Published
2024-01-13
How to Cite
Bordunova, O. G., Paliy, A. P., Pavlichenko, O. V., Rodionova, K. O., Petrenko, H. O., Chivanov, V. D., & Ishchenko, K. V. (2024). Morphological features of the cuticle of hatching eggs of chickens and turkeys subjected to pre-incubation treatment . Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 15(1), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.15421/022404
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