Usage of spicy aromatic plants of the flora of Armenia in the national cuisine
Keywords:
flora of Armenia; aromatic plants; national cuisine; ethnobotany
Abstract
Since ancient times, Armenians have used wild plants in their diet in both fresh and processed forms. Their gastronomic traditions, knowledge about useful plants, and methods of their application have been passed from generation to generation. In this review we analyse the species composition of plants that are used as spices in the national cuisine, how many there are, and what prospects there are for their use. Field surveys were conducted to collect ethnobotanical data of the use of aromatic plants in all of regions in Armenia during the years 2016–2022. 58 informants (42 women and 16 men) were interviewed after obtaining their prior informed oral consent. The informants included farmers, housewives and cooks engaged in preparing the national cuisine. All the informants participated voluntarily and shared their life experience, knowledge received from grandmothers and their professional skills. For the first time, a list of spicy plants of the flora of Armenia which were used in the preparation of national dishes is presented. Some species are no longer used, because classic spices are already available for sale, but some species of plants are still used today as a seasoning in national dishes. In the flora of Armenia there are 142 species of spicy aromatic plants belonging to 115 genera and 46 families. Studies have shown that the largest number of spicy-aromatic plants grow in Central and Southern Armenia (Armeno-Iranian floral province). On the basis of this rich plant resource, it is possible to organize the cultivation of organic spicy plants and spices in order to use them in various branches of the food industry. The recollected knowledge of our ancestors in the area of cheesemaking, winemaking, beermaking, combining centuries of experience with today's new technologies and use of spice plants can be used to develop the country's economy.References
Abduraimov, О. S., Kovalenko, I. N., Makhmudov, A. V., Allamurotov, A. L., & Mavlanov, B. J. (2022). Ontogenetic structure of cenopopulations of Allium pskemense (Amaryllidaceae) in Uzbekistan. Biosystems Diversity, 30(1), 88–94.
Aǧagündüz, D., Şahin, T. O., Yilmaz, B., Ekenci, K. D., Duyar Özer, S., & Capasso, R. (2022). Cruciferous vegetables and their bioactive metabolites: From prevention to novel therapies of colorectal cancer. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022, 1534083.
Albadawi, D. A. I., Ravishankar, D., Vallance, T. M., Patel, K., Osborn, H. M. I., & Vaiyapuri, S. (2022). Impacts of commonly used edible plants on the modulation of platelet function. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(2), 605.
Alirezalu, A., Ahmadi, N., Salehi, P., Sonboli, A., Alirezalu, K., Mousavi, K. A., Barba, F. J., Munekata, E. S., Paulo, E. S., & Jose, M. (2020). Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds of hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruits species for potential use in food applications. Foods, 9(4), 436.
Aprikyan, S. (1981). Kratkaya istiriya ispol’zovanija poleznykh rastenij flory Armenii s drevnikh vremen do nashego vremeni [A brief history of the use of useful plants of the Armenian flora from ancient times to the present]. In: Flora, vegetation and plant resources of Armenia. Vol. 8. Pp. 171–194 (in Russian).
Avakyan, A. (1959). Materialy k izucheniju dikorastushchikh zhiromaslinichnykh rasteniy iz flory Armenii [Materials for the study of wild fatty oil plants from the flora of Armenia]. Izvestija Academii Nauk ArmSSR, 12(8), 61–72 (in Russian).
Baloyan, S. (Ed.). (2014). Fifth national report of the Republic of Armenia to the Convention on biological diversity. Edit Print, Yerevan.
Bianchi, A. (2015). The Mediterranean aromatic plants and their culinary use. Natural Product Research, 29(3), 201–206.
Boyko, O. O., Kabar, A. M., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2020). Nematicidal activity of aqueous tinctures of medicinal plants against larvae of the nematodes Strongyloides papillosus and Haemonchus contortus. Biosystems Diversity, 28(1), 119–123.
Boyko, O., & Brygadyrenko, V. (2021). Nematicidal activity of essential oils of medicinal plants. Folia Oecologica, 48(1), 42–48.
Chandrashekhar, V. M., Ranpariya, V. L., Ganapaty, S., Parashar, A., Muchandi, A. A. (2010). Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita L. against global model ofischemia in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 645–651.
Denes, A., Papp, N., Babai, D., Czúcz, B., & Molnár, Z. (2012). Wild plants used for food by Hungarian ethnic groups living in the Carpathian Basin. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 81(4), 381–396.
Deshmukh, R. K., & Gaikwad, K. K. (2022). Natural antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds for active food packaging applications. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, in press.
Ettaqy, A., Kharchaf, Y., Benhssaine, K., Zine El Abidine, A., Bouderrah, M., Boukcim, H., Boulli, A., & Abbas, Y. (2023). Ecological insights and conservation imperatives for Laurus azorica in Morocco. Biosystems Diversity, 31(2), 229–237.
Fierascu, R. C., Fierascu, I., Baroi, A. M., & Ortan, A. (2021). Selected aspects related to medicinal and aromatic plants as alternative sources of bioactive compounds. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 1521.
Grossheim, A. (1946). Rastitel’nye resursy Kavkaza [Plant resources of the Caucasus]. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, Baku (in Russian).
Gueriguian, J. L. (2005). Foods and drinks in Fifteenth century Anatolia, as recorded by Amirdovlat Amasiatsi. Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies, 14, 155–166.
Hacikyan, A. J., Basmajian, G., Franchuk, E. S., & Ouzounian, N. (2000). The heritage of Armenian literature: From the sixth to the eighteenth century. Wayne State University Press, Detroit. Vol. 2. Pp. 427–430.
Hovsepyan, R., Stepanyan-Gandilyan, N., Melkumyan, H., & Harutyunyan, L. (2016). Food as a marker for economy and part of identity: On traditional vegetal food of Yezidis and Kurds in Armenia. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 3(1), 32–41.
Huseynova, H. Z. (2023). New distribution areas of some species of plants on the southern part of the Caspian coast. Biosystems Diversity, 31(1), 123–130.
Jacques, I., & Bradatan, E. (2021). Allergie aux principales épices et graines comestibles [Allergy to spices and edible seeds]. Revue Francaise d'Allergologie, 61(2), 92–107.
Johnson, M. E., & Lucey, J. A. (2006). Major technological advances and trends in cheese. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(4), 1174–1178.
Karpiński, T. M., Adamczak, A., & Ożarowski, M. (2022). Radioprotective effects of plants from the Lamiaceae family. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 22(1), 4–19.
Koss-Mikołajczyk, I., Todorovic, V., Sobajic, S., Mahajna, J., Gerić, M., Tur, J. A., & Bartoszek, A. (2021). Natural products counteracting cardiotoxicity during cancer chemotherapy: The special case of doxorubicin, a comprehensive review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(18), 10037.
Lieshchova, M. A., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2023). Effect of Echinacea purpurea and Silybum marianum seeds on the body of rats with an excessive fat diet. Biosystems Diversity, 31(1), 90–99.
Lietzow, J. (2021). Biologically active compounds in mustard seeds: A toxicological perspective. Foods, 10(9), 2089.
Lourenço, S. C., Moldão-Martins, M., & Alves, V. D. (2019). Antioxidants of natural plant origins: From sources to food industry applications. Molecules, 24(22), 4132.
Manzoor, A., Yousuf, B., Pandith, J. A., & Ahmad, S. (2023). Plant-derived active substances incorporated as antioxidant, antibacterial or antifungal components in coatings/films for food packaging applications. Food Bioscience, 53, 102717.
Marjanyan, K. (2008). “Botanika ili flora Armenii” Stepanosa Sharimanyana [“Botany or flora of Armenia” by Stepanos Sharimanyan]. Magahat, Yerevan (in Russian).
Mayrapetyan, S. (1989). Kultura efiromaslichnykh rastenij v uslovijakh otkrytoj gidroponiki [Culture of essential oil plants in open hydroponics]. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, Yerevan (in Russian).
Melkumyan, I. (1981). Nektorye efiromaslichnye i pryano-aromaticheskie rastenija iz flory Armenii i ikh primenenie v sovremennoj medicine [Some essential oil and spicy-aromatic plants from the flora of Armenia and their use in modern medicine]. In: Flora, vegetation and plant resources of Armenia. Vol. 7. Pp. 110–119 (in Russian).
Mercado-Mercado, G., Blancas-Benítez, F. J., Zamora-Gasga, V. M., & Sáyago-Ayerdi, S. G. (2019). Mexican traditional plant-foods: Polyphenols bioavailability, gut microbiota metabolism and impact human health. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(32), 3434–3456.
Motti, R. (2021). Wild plants used as herbs and spices in Italy: An ethnobotanical review. Plants, 10(3), 563.
Neelam, Khatkar, A., & Sharma, K. K. (2020). Phenylpropanoids and its derivatives: Biological activities and its role in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60(16), 2655–2675.
Panickar, K. S. (2013). Beneficial effects of herbs, spices and medicinal plants on the metabolic syndrome, brain and cognitive function. Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 13(1), 13–29.
Piatrovskiy, B. (1950). Karmir-Blur, 1 [Karmir Blur 1]. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, Yerevan (in Russian).
Piatrovskiy, B. (1952). Karmir-Blur, 2 [Karmir Blur 2]. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, Yerevan (in Russian).
Rosooli, I., & Allameh, A. (2016). Chapter 32. Caraway (Carum carvi L.). In: Preedy, V. R. (Ed.). Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety. Academic Press. Pp. 287–293.
Rout, S., Tambe, S., Deshmukh, R. K., Mali, S., Cruz, J., Srivastav, P. P., Amin, P. D., Gaikwad, K. K., de Aguiar Andrade, E. H., & de Oliveira, M. S. (2022). Recent trends in the application of essential oils: The next generation of food preservation and food packaging. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 129, 421–439.
Samarth, R. M., Samarth, M., & Matsumoto, Y. (2017). Medicinally important aromatic plants with radioprotective activity. Future Science, 3(4), 61.
Sargsyan, M. V. (2022). The genus Crataegus (Rosaceae) in Armenia (an updated review). Biosystems Diversity, 30(3), 270–273.
Schieber, A., & Wüst, M. (2020). Volatile phenols-important contributors to the aroma of plant-derived foods. Molecules, 25(19), 4529.
Shahidi, F., & Ambigaipalan, P. (2015). Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 18, 820–897.
Shang, A., Gan, R.-Y., Xu, X.-Y., Mao, Q.-Q., Zhang, P.-Z., & Li, H.-B. (2021). Effects and mechanisms of edible and medicinal plants on obesity: An updated review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(12), 2061–2077.
Sobhani, Z., Mohtashami, L., Amiri, M. S., Ramezani, M., Emami, S. A., & Simal-Gandara, J. (2022). Ethnobotanical and phytochemical aspects of the edible herb Coriandrum sativum L. Journal of the Food Science, 87(4), 1386–1422.
Šojić, B., Milošević, S., Savanović, D., Zeković, Z., Tomović, V., & Pavlić, B. (2023). Isolation, bioactive potential, and application of essential oils and terpenoid-rich extracts as effective antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in meat and meat products. Molecules, 28(5), 2293.
Stefanaki, A., & Andel, T. (2021). Chapter 3 - Mediterranian aromatic herbs and their culinary use. In: Galanakis, C. M. (Ed.). Aromatic herbs in food. Bioactive compounds, processing, and applications. Academic Press. Pp. 93–121.
Thakur, A., Singh, S., & Puri, S. (2020). Exploration of wild edible plants used as food by Gaddis – A tribal community of the Western Himalaya. Scientific World Journal, 2020, 6280153.
Vardanyan, S. (1982). Medicina v drevnej i srednevekovoj Armenii [Medicine in ancient and medieval Armenia]. Sovetakan Grogh, Yerevan (in Russian).
Vardanyan, S., & Der Marderosian, A. (1999). Amirdovlat Amasiatsi: A Fifteenth-century Armenian natural historian and physician. Cravan Books, Delmar, New York.
Volenzo, T., & Odiyo, J. (2020). Integrating endemic medicinal plants into the global value chains: The ecological degradation challenges and opportunities. Heliyon, 6(9), e04970.
Wang, S., & Zhu, F. (2016). Antidiabetic dietary materials and animal models. Food Research International, 85, 315–331.
Zaimenko, N. V., Skrypchenko, N. V., Ivanytska, B. O., Venediktova, T. B., Kovalska, N. P., Karpiuk, U. V., Stasiv, T. G., & Liu, D. (2022). Peculiarities of the distribution of assimilates in the organs of Schisandra chinensis plants under different soil and climatic conditions. Biosystems Diversity, 30(4), 423–429.
Zazharskyi, V. V., Davydenko, P. О., Kulishenko, O. М., Borovik, I. V., Zazharska, N. M., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2020). Antibacterial and fungicidal activities of ethanol extracts of 38 species of plants. Biosystems Diversity, 28(3), 281–289.
Zazharskyi, V., Davydenko, P., Kulishenko, O., Borovik, I., Brygadyrenko, V., & Zazharska, N. (2019). Antibacterial activity of herbal infusions against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja, 141, 693–704.
Zolotnitskaya, S. (1958). Lekarstvennye resursy flory Armenii [Medicinal resources of the flora of Armenia]. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, Yerevan. Volume 1.
Aǧagündüz, D., Şahin, T. O., Yilmaz, B., Ekenci, K. D., Duyar Özer, S., & Capasso, R. (2022). Cruciferous vegetables and their bioactive metabolites: From prevention to novel therapies of colorectal cancer. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022, 1534083.
Albadawi, D. A. I., Ravishankar, D., Vallance, T. M., Patel, K., Osborn, H. M. I., & Vaiyapuri, S. (2022). Impacts of commonly used edible plants on the modulation of platelet function. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(2), 605.
Alirezalu, A., Ahmadi, N., Salehi, P., Sonboli, A., Alirezalu, K., Mousavi, K. A., Barba, F. J., Munekata, E. S., Paulo, E. S., & Jose, M. (2020). Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds of hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruits species for potential use in food applications. Foods, 9(4), 436.
Aprikyan, S. (1981). Kratkaya istiriya ispol’zovanija poleznykh rastenij flory Armenii s drevnikh vremen do nashego vremeni [A brief history of the use of useful plants of the Armenian flora from ancient times to the present]. In: Flora, vegetation and plant resources of Armenia. Vol. 8. Pp. 171–194 (in Russian).
Avakyan, A. (1959). Materialy k izucheniju dikorastushchikh zhiromaslinichnykh rasteniy iz flory Armenii [Materials for the study of wild fatty oil plants from the flora of Armenia]. Izvestija Academii Nauk ArmSSR, 12(8), 61–72 (in Russian).
Baloyan, S. (Ed.). (2014). Fifth national report of the Republic of Armenia to the Convention on biological diversity. Edit Print, Yerevan.
Bianchi, A. (2015). The Mediterranean aromatic plants and their culinary use. Natural Product Research, 29(3), 201–206.
Boyko, O. O., Kabar, A. M., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2020). Nematicidal activity of aqueous tinctures of medicinal plants against larvae of the nematodes Strongyloides papillosus and Haemonchus contortus. Biosystems Diversity, 28(1), 119–123.
Boyko, O., & Brygadyrenko, V. (2021). Nematicidal activity of essential oils of medicinal plants. Folia Oecologica, 48(1), 42–48.
Chandrashekhar, V. M., Ranpariya, V. L., Ganapaty, S., Parashar, A., Muchandi, A. A. (2010). Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita L. against global model ofischemia in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 645–651.
Denes, A., Papp, N., Babai, D., Czúcz, B., & Molnár, Z. (2012). Wild plants used for food by Hungarian ethnic groups living in the Carpathian Basin. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 81(4), 381–396.
Deshmukh, R. K., & Gaikwad, K. K. (2022). Natural antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds for active food packaging applications. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, in press.
Ettaqy, A., Kharchaf, Y., Benhssaine, K., Zine El Abidine, A., Bouderrah, M., Boukcim, H., Boulli, A., & Abbas, Y. (2023). Ecological insights and conservation imperatives for Laurus azorica in Morocco. Biosystems Diversity, 31(2), 229–237.
Fierascu, R. C., Fierascu, I., Baroi, A. M., & Ortan, A. (2021). Selected aspects related to medicinal and aromatic plants as alternative sources of bioactive compounds. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 1521.
Grossheim, A. (1946). Rastitel’nye resursy Kavkaza [Plant resources of the Caucasus]. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, Baku (in Russian).
Gueriguian, J. L. (2005). Foods and drinks in Fifteenth century Anatolia, as recorded by Amirdovlat Amasiatsi. Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies, 14, 155–166.
Hacikyan, A. J., Basmajian, G., Franchuk, E. S., & Ouzounian, N. (2000). The heritage of Armenian literature: From the sixth to the eighteenth century. Wayne State University Press, Detroit. Vol. 2. Pp. 427–430.
Hovsepyan, R., Stepanyan-Gandilyan, N., Melkumyan, H., & Harutyunyan, L. (2016). Food as a marker for economy and part of identity: On traditional vegetal food of Yezidis and Kurds in Armenia. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 3(1), 32–41.
Huseynova, H. Z. (2023). New distribution areas of some species of plants on the southern part of the Caspian coast. Biosystems Diversity, 31(1), 123–130.
Jacques, I., & Bradatan, E. (2021). Allergie aux principales épices et graines comestibles [Allergy to spices and edible seeds]. Revue Francaise d'Allergologie, 61(2), 92–107.
Johnson, M. E., & Lucey, J. A. (2006). Major technological advances and trends in cheese. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(4), 1174–1178.
Karpiński, T. M., Adamczak, A., & Ożarowski, M. (2022). Radioprotective effects of plants from the Lamiaceae family. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 22(1), 4–19.
Koss-Mikołajczyk, I., Todorovic, V., Sobajic, S., Mahajna, J., Gerić, M., Tur, J. A., & Bartoszek, A. (2021). Natural products counteracting cardiotoxicity during cancer chemotherapy: The special case of doxorubicin, a comprehensive review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(18), 10037.
Lieshchova, M. A., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2023). Effect of Echinacea purpurea and Silybum marianum seeds on the body of rats with an excessive fat diet. Biosystems Diversity, 31(1), 90–99.
Lietzow, J. (2021). Biologically active compounds in mustard seeds: A toxicological perspective. Foods, 10(9), 2089.
Lourenço, S. C., Moldão-Martins, M., & Alves, V. D. (2019). Antioxidants of natural plant origins: From sources to food industry applications. Molecules, 24(22), 4132.
Manzoor, A., Yousuf, B., Pandith, J. A., & Ahmad, S. (2023). Plant-derived active substances incorporated as antioxidant, antibacterial or antifungal components in coatings/films for food packaging applications. Food Bioscience, 53, 102717.
Marjanyan, K. (2008). “Botanika ili flora Armenii” Stepanosa Sharimanyana [“Botany or flora of Armenia” by Stepanos Sharimanyan]. Magahat, Yerevan (in Russian).
Mayrapetyan, S. (1989). Kultura efiromaslichnykh rastenij v uslovijakh otkrytoj gidroponiki [Culture of essential oil plants in open hydroponics]. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, Yerevan (in Russian).
Melkumyan, I. (1981). Nektorye efiromaslichnye i pryano-aromaticheskie rastenija iz flory Armenii i ikh primenenie v sovremennoj medicine [Some essential oil and spicy-aromatic plants from the flora of Armenia and their use in modern medicine]. In: Flora, vegetation and plant resources of Armenia. Vol. 7. Pp. 110–119 (in Russian).
Mercado-Mercado, G., Blancas-Benítez, F. J., Zamora-Gasga, V. M., & Sáyago-Ayerdi, S. G. (2019). Mexican traditional plant-foods: Polyphenols bioavailability, gut microbiota metabolism and impact human health. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(32), 3434–3456.
Motti, R. (2021). Wild plants used as herbs and spices in Italy: An ethnobotanical review. Plants, 10(3), 563.
Neelam, Khatkar, A., & Sharma, K. K. (2020). Phenylpropanoids and its derivatives: Biological activities and its role in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60(16), 2655–2675.
Panickar, K. S. (2013). Beneficial effects of herbs, spices and medicinal plants on the metabolic syndrome, brain and cognitive function. Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 13(1), 13–29.
Piatrovskiy, B. (1950). Karmir-Blur, 1 [Karmir Blur 1]. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, Yerevan (in Russian).
Piatrovskiy, B. (1952). Karmir-Blur, 2 [Karmir Blur 2]. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, Yerevan (in Russian).
Rosooli, I., & Allameh, A. (2016). Chapter 32. Caraway (Carum carvi L.). In: Preedy, V. R. (Ed.). Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety. Academic Press. Pp. 287–293.
Rout, S., Tambe, S., Deshmukh, R. K., Mali, S., Cruz, J., Srivastav, P. P., Amin, P. D., Gaikwad, K. K., de Aguiar Andrade, E. H., & de Oliveira, M. S. (2022). Recent trends in the application of essential oils: The next generation of food preservation and food packaging. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 129, 421–439.
Samarth, R. M., Samarth, M., & Matsumoto, Y. (2017). Medicinally important aromatic plants with radioprotective activity. Future Science, 3(4), 61.
Sargsyan, M. V. (2022). The genus Crataegus (Rosaceae) in Armenia (an updated review). Biosystems Diversity, 30(3), 270–273.
Schieber, A., & Wüst, M. (2020). Volatile phenols-important contributors to the aroma of plant-derived foods. Molecules, 25(19), 4529.
Shahidi, F., & Ambigaipalan, P. (2015). Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 18, 820–897.
Shang, A., Gan, R.-Y., Xu, X.-Y., Mao, Q.-Q., Zhang, P.-Z., & Li, H.-B. (2021). Effects and mechanisms of edible and medicinal plants on obesity: An updated review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(12), 2061–2077.
Sobhani, Z., Mohtashami, L., Amiri, M. S., Ramezani, M., Emami, S. A., & Simal-Gandara, J. (2022). Ethnobotanical and phytochemical aspects of the edible herb Coriandrum sativum L. Journal of the Food Science, 87(4), 1386–1422.
Šojić, B., Milošević, S., Savanović, D., Zeković, Z., Tomović, V., & Pavlić, B. (2023). Isolation, bioactive potential, and application of essential oils and terpenoid-rich extracts as effective antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in meat and meat products. Molecules, 28(5), 2293.
Stefanaki, A., & Andel, T. (2021). Chapter 3 - Mediterranian aromatic herbs and their culinary use. In: Galanakis, C. M. (Ed.). Aromatic herbs in food. Bioactive compounds, processing, and applications. Academic Press. Pp. 93–121.
Thakur, A., Singh, S., & Puri, S. (2020). Exploration of wild edible plants used as food by Gaddis – A tribal community of the Western Himalaya. Scientific World Journal, 2020, 6280153.
Vardanyan, S. (1982). Medicina v drevnej i srednevekovoj Armenii [Medicine in ancient and medieval Armenia]. Sovetakan Grogh, Yerevan (in Russian).
Vardanyan, S., & Der Marderosian, A. (1999). Amirdovlat Amasiatsi: A Fifteenth-century Armenian natural historian and physician. Cravan Books, Delmar, New York.
Volenzo, T., & Odiyo, J. (2020). Integrating endemic medicinal plants into the global value chains: The ecological degradation challenges and opportunities. Heliyon, 6(9), e04970.
Wang, S., & Zhu, F. (2016). Antidiabetic dietary materials and animal models. Food Research International, 85, 315–331.
Zaimenko, N. V., Skrypchenko, N. V., Ivanytska, B. O., Venediktova, T. B., Kovalska, N. P., Karpiuk, U. V., Stasiv, T. G., & Liu, D. (2022). Peculiarities of the distribution of assimilates in the organs of Schisandra chinensis plants under different soil and climatic conditions. Biosystems Diversity, 30(4), 423–429.
Zazharskyi, V. V., Davydenko, P. О., Kulishenko, O. М., Borovik, I. V., Zazharska, N. M., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2020). Antibacterial and fungicidal activities of ethanol extracts of 38 species of plants. Biosystems Diversity, 28(3), 281–289.
Zazharskyi, V., Davydenko, P., Kulishenko, O., Borovik, I., Brygadyrenko, V., & Zazharska, N. (2019). Antibacterial activity of herbal infusions against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja, 141, 693–704.
Zolotnitskaya, S. (1958). Lekarstvennye resursy flory Armenii [Medicinal resources of the flora of Armenia]. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, Yerevan. Volume 1.
Published
2023-08-28
How to Cite
Sargsyan, M. (2023). Usage of spicy aromatic plants of the flora of Armenia in the national cuisine . Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 14(3), 469-475. https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022367
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