Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with antioxidant and bactericidal activities using Capsicum annuum fruit extract
Keywords:
AgNPs; green synthesis; Capsicum annuum; antioxidant activity; bactericidal activity.
Abstract
Metallic nanostructures, especially silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have already found multiple applications in modern industry, science and medicine. Still, the production of nano-sized compounds often leads to the formation of toxic byproducts and possesses substantial environmental hazard. One of the promising solutions for the ecofriendly creation of nanomaterials predicts the use of a “green chemistry” approach using organisms, their parts or natural compounds to act as safe and effective producers of nanomaterials. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles includes the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 by natural compounds, usually secondary metabolites which can be found in roots, leaves, cortex, fruits, flowers and seeds of various species. Aqueous extract of Capsicum annuum var. cv. (cultivar) Teja (S-17) fruits was used as a bioreducer for the reduction of AgNO3 solution to AgNPs. The formation of the AgNPs was confirmed by the presence of the Tyndall effect of light scattering combined with colour change of the solutions. The properties of the nanoparticles were assessed with UV-visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In the present study, we report the experimental optimization of operating parameters needed for silver biotransformation by C. annuum. Biosynthesized nanoparticles were 13–22 nm in size and spherical in shape. Colloidal solutions of AgNPs were also confirmed to show antioxidant activity in vitro as analyzed by the reduction of DPPH radicals. Characterization and application of AgNPs as bactericidal agents on two Gram-positive (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) prokaryotic microorganisms demonstrated the prevalent influence on Gram-positive strains.References
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Auwal, M. S., Saka, S., Mairiga, I. A., Sanda, K. A., Shuaibu, A., & Ibrahim, A. (2014). Preliminary phytochemical and elemental analysis of aqueous and fractionated pod extracts of Acacia nilotica (Thorn mimosa). Veterinary Research Forum, 5(2), 95–100.
Barbasz, A., Oćwieja, M., Piergies, N., Duraczyńska, D., & Nowak, A. (2021). Antioxidant-modulated cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 41(11), 1863–1878.
Bhaduri, G. A., Little, R., Khomane, R. B., Lokhande, S. U., Kulkarni, B. D., Mendis, B. G., & Šiller, L. (2013). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sunlight. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 258, 1–9.
Carrillo-González, R., Martínez-Gómez, M. A., González-Chávez, M. del C. A., & Mendoza Hernández, J. C. (2016). Inhibition of microorganisms involved in deterioration of an archaeological site by silver nanoparticles produced by a green synthesis method. Science of the Total Environment, 565, 872–881.
Cavassin, E. D., de Figueiredo, L. F. P., Otoch, J. P., Seckler, M. M., de Oliveira, R. A., Franco, F. F., Marangoni, V. S., Zucolotto, V., Levin, A. S. S., & Costa, S. F. (2015). Comparison of methods to detect the in vitro activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) against multidrug resistant bacteria. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 13(1), 64.
Cyril, N., George, J. B., Joseph, L., Raghavamenon, A. C., & Sylas, V. P. (2019). Assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-proliferative (lung cancer cell line A549) activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Derris trifoliata. Toxicology Research, 8(2), 297–308.
Dakal, T. C., Kumar, A., Majumdar, R. S., & Yadav, V. (2016). Mechanistic basis of antimicrobial actions of silver nanoparticles. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1831.
de Jesús Ruíz-Baltazar, Á., Reyes-López, S. Y., Larrañaga, D., Estévez, M., & Pérez, R. (2017). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a Melissa officinalis leaf extract with antibacterial properties. Results in Physics, 7, 2639–2643.
Duan, H., Wang, D., & Li, Y. (2015). Green chemistry for nanoparticle synthesis. Chemical Society Reviews, 44(16), 5778–5792.
Dutta, T., Ghosh, N. N., Das, M., Adhikary, R., Mandal, V., & Chattopadhyay, A. P. (2020). Green synthesis of antibacterial and antifungal silver nanoparticles using Citrus limetta peel extract: Experimental and theoretical studies. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(4), 104019.
Dzhagan, V., Smirnov, O., Kovalenko, M., Mazur, N., Hreshchuk, O., Taran, N., Plokhovska, S., Pirko, Y., Yemets, A., Yukhymchuk, V., & Zahn, D. R. T. (2022). Spectroscopic study of phytosynthesized Ag nanoparticles and their activity as SERS substrate. Chemosensors, 10(4), 129.
Franci, G., Falanga, A., Galdiero, S., Palomba, L., Rai, M., Morelli, G., & Galdiero, M. (2015). Silver nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. Molecules, 20(5), 8856.
Gayathri, N., Gopalakrishnan, M., & Sekar, T. (2016). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Capsicum chinense Jacq. International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutics, 5(1), 12–20.
Horcajada, J. P., Montero, M., Oliver, A., Sorlí, L., Luque, S., Gómez-Zorrilla, S., Benito, N., & Grau, S. (2019). Epidemiology and treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 32(4), e00031-19.
Jadhav, K., Deore, S., Dhamecha, D., Rajeshwari, H. R., Jagwani, S., Jalalpure, S., & Bohara, R. (2018). Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: Characterization, biocompatibility studies, and anticancer activity. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 4(3), 892–899.
Jorge de Souza, T. A., Rosa Souza, L. R., & Franchi, L. P. (2019). Silver nanoparticles: An integrated view of green synthesis methods, transformation in the environment, and toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 171, 691–700.
Joshi, A., Bhobe, M., & Sattarkar, A. (2013). Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Grewia microcos Linn. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(7), 80–87.
Kim, J.-S., An, C. G., Park, J.-S., Lim, Y. P., & Kim, S. (2016a). Carotenoid profiling from 27 types of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) with different colors, shapes, and cultivation methods. Food Chemistry, 201, 64–71.
Kim, T. Y., Cha, S.-H., Cho, S., & Park, Y. (2016b). Tannic acid-mediated green synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 39(4), 465–473.
Kumaresan, M., Kannan, M., Chandrasekhar, C., & Vasanthi, D. (2019). Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Jasminum multiflorum (pink kakada) leaves and flowers. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(3), 1168–1173.
Moon, J.-K., & Shibamoto, T. (2009). Antioxidant assays for plant and food components. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(5), 1655–1666.
Mustapha, T., Ithnin, N. R., Othman, H., Abu Hasan, Z.-I., & Misni, N. (2023). Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and the role of plant extract in the synthesis. Plants, 12(8), 1648.
Otunola, G., Afolayan, A., Ajayi, E., & Odeyemi, S. (2017). Characterization, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extracts of Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, and Capsicum frutescens. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13(50), 201–208.
Ovais, M., Khalil, A. T., Raza, A., Khan, M. A., Ahmad, I., Islam, N. U., Saravanan, M., Ubaid, M. F., Ali, M., & Shinwari, Z. K. (2016). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via plant extracts: Beginning a new era in cancer theranostics. Nanomedicine, 11(23), 3157–3177.
Pandey, S., Goswami, G. K., & Nanda, K. K. (2012). Green synthesis of biopolymer-silver nanoparticle nanocomposite: An optical sensor for ammonia detection. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 51(4), 583–589.
Pantosti, A., Sanchini, A., & Monaco, M. (2007). Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiology, 2(3), 323–334.
Patra, S., Mukherjee, S., Barui, A. K., Ganguly, A., Sreedhar, B., & Patra, C. R. (2015). Green synthesis, characterization of gold and silver nanoparticles and their potential application for cancer therapeutics. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 53, 298–309.
Radzig, M. A., Nadtochenko, V. A., Koksharova, O. A., Kiwi, J., Lipasova, V. A., & Khmel, I. A. (2013). Antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles on gram-negative bacteria: Influence on the growth and biofilms formation, mechanisms of action. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 102, 300–306.
Rafique, M., Sadaf, I., Rafique, M. S., & Tahir, M. B. (2017). A review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their applications. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 45(7), 1272–1291.
Reda, M., Ashames, A., Edis, Z., Bloukh, S., Bhandare, R., & Abu Sara, H. (2019). Green synthesis of potent antimicrobial silver nanoparticles using different plant extracts and their mixtures. Processes, 7(8), 510.
Roy, A., Bulut, O., Some, S., Mandal, A. K., & Yilmaz, M. D. (2019). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Biomolecule-nanoparticle organizations targeting antimicrobial activity. RSC Advances, 9(5), 2673–2702.
Shah, R. K., & Yadav, R. N. S. (2015). Qualitative phytochemical analysis and estimation of total phenols and flavonoids in leaf extract of Sarcochlamys pulcherrima. Global Journal of Bio-Science and Biotechnology, 4(1), 81–84.
Smirnov, O. E., Kalynovskyi, V. Y., Yumyna, Y. M., Zelena, P. P., Skoryk, M. A., Dzhagan, V. M., & Taran, N. Y. (2021). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of hot chili pepper fruits and its antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal, 93(5), 102–110.
Smirnov, O., Kalynovskyi, V., Yumyna, Y., Zelena, P., Levenets, T., Kovalenko, M., Dzhagan, V., & Skoryk, M. (2022). Potency of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Lathraea squamaria as anticandidal agent and wheat seeds germination enhancer. Biologia, 77, 2715–2724.
Sora, G. T. S., Haminiuk, C. W. I., da Silva, M. V., Zielinski, A. A. F., Gonçalves, G. A., Bracht, A., & Peralta, R. M. (2015). A comparative study of the capsaicinoid and phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant activities of the peppers of the genus Capsicum: An application of chemometrics. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(12), 8086–8094.
Sujitha, V., Murugan, K., Paulpandi, M., Panneerselvam, C., Suresh, U., Roni, M., Nicoletti, M., Higuchi, A., Madhiyazhagan, P., Subramaniam, J., Dinesh, D., Vadivalagan, C., Chandramohan, B., Alarfaj, A. A., Munusamy, M. A., Barnard, D. R., & Benelli, G. (2015). Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles as a novel control tool against dengue virus (DEN-2) and its primary vector Aedes aegypti. Parasitology Research, 114(9), 3315–3325.
Suresh, S., Karthikeyan, S., Saravanan, P., Jayamoorthy, K., & Dhanalekshmi, K. I. (2016). Comparison of antibacterial and antifungal activity of 5-amino-2-mercapto benzimidazole and functionalized Ag3O4 nanoparticles. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, 2(2), 129–137.
Wei, L., Lu, J., Xu, H., Patel, A., Chen, Z.-S., & Chen, G. (2015). Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, properties, and therapeutic applications. Drug Discovery Today, 20(5), 595–601.
Arroyo, G. V., Madrid, A. T., Gavilanes, A. F., Naranjo, B., Debut, A., Arias, M. T., & Angulo, Y. (2020). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for application in cosmetics. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 55(11), 1304–1320.
Auwal, M. S., Saka, S., Mairiga, I. A., Sanda, K. A., Shuaibu, A., & Ibrahim, A. (2014). Preliminary phytochemical and elemental analysis of aqueous and fractionated pod extracts of Acacia nilotica (Thorn mimosa). Veterinary Research Forum, 5(2), 95–100.
Barbasz, A., Oćwieja, M., Piergies, N., Duraczyńska, D., & Nowak, A. (2021). Antioxidant-modulated cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 41(11), 1863–1878.
Bhaduri, G. A., Little, R., Khomane, R. B., Lokhande, S. U., Kulkarni, B. D., Mendis, B. G., & Šiller, L. (2013). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sunlight. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 258, 1–9.
Carrillo-González, R., Martínez-Gómez, M. A., González-Chávez, M. del C. A., & Mendoza Hernández, J. C. (2016). Inhibition of microorganisms involved in deterioration of an archaeological site by silver nanoparticles produced by a green synthesis method. Science of the Total Environment, 565, 872–881.
Cavassin, E. D., de Figueiredo, L. F. P., Otoch, J. P., Seckler, M. M., de Oliveira, R. A., Franco, F. F., Marangoni, V. S., Zucolotto, V., Levin, A. S. S., & Costa, S. F. (2015). Comparison of methods to detect the in vitro activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) against multidrug resistant bacteria. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 13(1), 64.
Cyril, N., George, J. B., Joseph, L., Raghavamenon, A. C., & Sylas, V. P. (2019). Assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-proliferative (lung cancer cell line A549) activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Derris trifoliata. Toxicology Research, 8(2), 297–308.
Dakal, T. C., Kumar, A., Majumdar, R. S., & Yadav, V. (2016). Mechanistic basis of antimicrobial actions of silver nanoparticles. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1831.
de Jesús Ruíz-Baltazar, Á., Reyes-López, S. Y., Larrañaga, D., Estévez, M., & Pérez, R. (2017). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a Melissa officinalis leaf extract with antibacterial properties. Results in Physics, 7, 2639–2643.
Duan, H., Wang, D., & Li, Y. (2015). Green chemistry for nanoparticle synthesis. Chemical Society Reviews, 44(16), 5778–5792.
Dutta, T., Ghosh, N. N., Das, M., Adhikary, R., Mandal, V., & Chattopadhyay, A. P. (2020). Green synthesis of antibacterial and antifungal silver nanoparticles using Citrus limetta peel extract: Experimental and theoretical studies. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(4), 104019.
Dzhagan, V., Smirnov, O., Kovalenko, M., Mazur, N., Hreshchuk, O., Taran, N., Plokhovska, S., Pirko, Y., Yemets, A., Yukhymchuk, V., & Zahn, D. R. T. (2022). Spectroscopic study of phytosynthesized Ag nanoparticles and their activity as SERS substrate. Chemosensors, 10(4), 129.
Franci, G., Falanga, A., Galdiero, S., Palomba, L., Rai, M., Morelli, G., & Galdiero, M. (2015). Silver nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. Molecules, 20(5), 8856.
Gayathri, N., Gopalakrishnan, M., & Sekar, T. (2016). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Capsicum chinense Jacq. International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutics, 5(1), 12–20.
Horcajada, J. P., Montero, M., Oliver, A., Sorlí, L., Luque, S., Gómez-Zorrilla, S., Benito, N., & Grau, S. (2019). Epidemiology and treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 32(4), e00031-19.
Jadhav, K., Deore, S., Dhamecha, D., Rajeshwari, H. R., Jagwani, S., Jalalpure, S., & Bohara, R. (2018). Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: Characterization, biocompatibility studies, and anticancer activity. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 4(3), 892–899.
Jorge de Souza, T. A., Rosa Souza, L. R., & Franchi, L. P. (2019). Silver nanoparticles: An integrated view of green synthesis methods, transformation in the environment, and toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 171, 691–700.
Joshi, A., Bhobe, M., & Sattarkar, A. (2013). Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Grewia microcos Linn. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(7), 80–87.
Kim, J.-S., An, C. G., Park, J.-S., Lim, Y. P., & Kim, S. (2016a). Carotenoid profiling from 27 types of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) with different colors, shapes, and cultivation methods. Food Chemistry, 201, 64–71.
Kim, T. Y., Cha, S.-H., Cho, S., & Park, Y. (2016b). Tannic acid-mediated green synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 39(4), 465–473.
Kumaresan, M., Kannan, M., Chandrasekhar, C., & Vasanthi, D. (2019). Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Jasminum multiflorum (pink kakada) leaves and flowers. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(3), 1168–1173.
Moon, J.-K., & Shibamoto, T. (2009). Antioxidant assays for plant and food components. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(5), 1655–1666.
Mustapha, T., Ithnin, N. R., Othman, H., Abu Hasan, Z.-I., & Misni, N. (2023). Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and the role of plant extract in the synthesis. Plants, 12(8), 1648.
Otunola, G., Afolayan, A., Ajayi, E., & Odeyemi, S. (2017). Characterization, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extracts of Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, and Capsicum frutescens. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13(50), 201–208.
Ovais, M., Khalil, A. T., Raza, A., Khan, M. A., Ahmad, I., Islam, N. U., Saravanan, M., Ubaid, M. F., Ali, M., & Shinwari, Z. K. (2016). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via plant extracts: Beginning a new era in cancer theranostics. Nanomedicine, 11(23), 3157–3177.
Pandey, S., Goswami, G. K., & Nanda, K. K. (2012). Green synthesis of biopolymer-silver nanoparticle nanocomposite: An optical sensor for ammonia detection. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 51(4), 583–589.
Pantosti, A., Sanchini, A., & Monaco, M. (2007). Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiology, 2(3), 323–334.
Patra, S., Mukherjee, S., Barui, A. K., Ganguly, A., Sreedhar, B., & Patra, C. R. (2015). Green synthesis, characterization of gold and silver nanoparticles and their potential application for cancer therapeutics. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 53, 298–309.
Radzig, M. A., Nadtochenko, V. A., Koksharova, O. A., Kiwi, J., Lipasova, V. A., & Khmel, I. A. (2013). Antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles on gram-negative bacteria: Influence on the growth and biofilms formation, mechanisms of action. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 102, 300–306.
Rafique, M., Sadaf, I., Rafique, M. S., & Tahir, M. B. (2017). A review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their applications. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 45(7), 1272–1291.
Reda, M., Ashames, A., Edis, Z., Bloukh, S., Bhandare, R., & Abu Sara, H. (2019). Green synthesis of potent antimicrobial silver nanoparticles using different plant extracts and their mixtures. Processes, 7(8), 510.
Roy, A., Bulut, O., Some, S., Mandal, A. K., & Yilmaz, M. D. (2019). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Biomolecule-nanoparticle organizations targeting antimicrobial activity. RSC Advances, 9(5), 2673–2702.
Shah, R. K., & Yadav, R. N. S. (2015). Qualitative phytochemical analysis and estimation of total phenols and flavonoids in leaf extract of Sarcochlamys pulcherrima. Global Journal of Bio-Science and Biotechnology, 4(1), 81–84.
Smirnov, O. E., Kalynovskyi, V. Y., Yumyna, Y. M., Zelena, P. P., Skoryk, M. A., Dzhagan, V. M., & Taran, N. Y. (2021). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of hot chili pepper fruits and its antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal, 93(5), 102–110.
Smirnov, O., Kalynovskyi, V., Yumyna, Y., Zelena, P., Levenets, T., Kovalenko, M., Dzhagan, V., & Skoryk, M. (2022). Potency of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Lathraea squamaria as anticandidal agent and wheat seeds germination enhancer. Biologia, 77, 2715–2724.
Sora, G. T. S., Haminiuk, C. W. I., da Silva, M. V., Zielinski, A. A. F., Gonçalves, G. A., Bracht, A., & Peralta, R. M. (2015). A comparative study of the capsaicinoid and phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant activities of the peppers of the genus Capsicum: An application of chemometrics. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(12), 8086–8094.
Sujitha, V., Murugan, K., Paulpandi, M., Panneerselvam, C., Suresh, U., Roni, M., Nicoletti, M., Higuchi, A., Madhiyazhagan, P., Subramaniam, J., Dinesh, D., Vadivalagan, C., Chandramohan, B., Alarfaj, A. A., Munusamy, M. A., Barnard, D. R., & Benelli, G. (2015). Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles as a novel control tool against dengue virus (DEN-2) and its primary vector Aedes aegypti. Parasitology Research, 114(9), 3315–3325.
Suresh, S., Karthikeyan, S., Saravanan, P., Jayamoorthy, K., & Dhanalekshmi, K. I. (2016). Comparison of antibacterial and antifungal activity of 5-amino-2-mercapto benzimidazole and functionalized Ag3O4 nanoparticles. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, 2(2), 129–137.
Wei, L., Lu, J., Xu, H., Patel, A., Chen, Z.-S., & Chen, G. (2015). Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, properties, and therapeutic applications. Drug Discovery Today, 20(5), 595–601.
Published
2023-07-08
How to Cite
Kalynovskyi, V., Smirnov, O., Zelena, P., Yumyna, Y., Kovalenko, M., Dzhagan, V., Dzerzhynsky, M., & Taran, N. (2023). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with antioxidant and bactericidal activities using Capsicum annuum fruit extract . Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 14(3), 393-398. https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022358
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