Morphological diversity, productivity, and grain quality of wheat morphotypes obtained by Triticum aestivum × Triticum spelta hybridization

I. P. Diordiieva; L. O. Riabovol; I. S. Riabovol; O. P. Serzhuk; S. A. Maslovata; S. V. Shchetyna; S. V. Usyk; L. V. Prokopchuk; M. V. Fesko; A. I. Liubchenko; I. O. Liubchenko

doi:10.15421/0226085

I. P. Diordiieva Uman National University
L. O. Riabovol Uman National University
I. S. Riabovol Uman National University
O. P. Serzhuk Uman National University
S. A. Maslovata Uman National University
S. V. Shchetyna Uman National University
S. V. Usyk Uman National University
L. V. Prokopchuk Uman National University
M. V. Fesko Uman National University
A. I. Liubchenko Uman National University
I. O. Liubchenko Uman National University

Keywords: spike morphology, sample, marker trait, ear density, ear length, productivity.

Abstract

Spike shape and morphology in wheat are key phenotypic traits determining the potential grain set per spike and influencing yield. Hybridization between common wheat and spelt generated a wide range of new forms differing in morphobiological traits, particularly in spike architecture. Determining productivity indicators of different wheat morphotypes based on spike shape remains an important approach for identifying genotypes that combine desirable morphological characteristics with high agronomic performance. In this context, the study of variation among morphotypes contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between spike architecture and yield formation. In this study, wheat samples were classified into distinct morphotypes according to spike morphology, and their productivity and grain quality parameters were comprehensively analyzed. Comparative evaluation of morphotypes revealed significant differences in yield components, grain weight per spike, protein content, and gluten content, allowing for the assessment of their breeding value and potential use in selection programs. Based on spike morphology, the obtained genetic diversity was classified into six morphotypes: spelts, speltoids, forms with a typical common wheat spike, squareheads, subcompactoids, and compactoids. It was established that common wheat and squareheads significantly outperformed other morphotypes: T heir yield was on average 42–51% higher than that of speltoids and spelts and about 67% higher than that of subcompactoids and compactoids. A similar trend was observed for grain weight per spike, common wheat and squareheads outperformed speltoids by ~14%, spelts by ~19%, and subcompactoids and compactoids by ~34%. By contrast, the ranking by grain protein and gluten content was reversed: S pelts exhibited the highest values (around 19–20% protein and 42–44% gluten), followed by speltoids (about 16–17% and 35–38%), while common wheat and squareheads occupied an intermediate position (approximately 14.5–15.5% and 32–34%), and compactoids and subcompactoids showed the lowest levels (about 14–15% and 31–33%). The analysis of morphological diversity, productivity, and grain quality in wheat morphotypes derived from Triticum aestivum × Triticum spelta hybridization is important for breeding and genetic studies, enabling assessment of breeding value and identification of genotypes with optimal spike architecture and stable expression of economically valuable traits. This approach provides a basis for differentiating morphotypes according to yield components and grain quality parameters, including protein and gluten content. The revealed variability among morphotypes reflects the effectiveness of interspecific hybridization in generating genetically diverse material for further sele c tion.

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Morphological diversity, productivity, and grain quality of wheat morphotypes obtained by Triticum aestivum × Triticum spelta hybridization

Abstract

References

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