Productive role of Vibrio cholera in the generation of IL-1β and immunoglobulins in patients with diarrhea

Z. K. Khadur; A. A. Khadim; S. M. Mohsen

doi:10.15421/0226021

Z. K. Khadur Middle Technical University
A. A. Khadim Middle Technical University
S. M. Mohsen Middle Technical University

Keywords: diarrhea, Vibrio cholera, IL-1beta, immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM, IgA.

Abstract

The highly contagious diarrheal illness known as cholera, which affects millions of people globally, is caused by the bact e rium Vibrio cholera . Cholera is a significant health problem that is most prevalent in i nsanitary nations and areas devastated by emergencies when access to clean drinking water is scarce. T he present study aims t o determine the role of V . cholera in stim u lating the development of IL-1 b eta and immunoglobulin ( M, G, A) in diarrhea patients. The investigation was conducted in Baquba city, the governorate of Diyala Province , from 1/8/2023 to 1/11/2023. One hundred stool and blood samples were collected from diarrheal patients who were inpatients at Baquba Teaching Hospital/Internal Medicine Department after being examined by a specialist doctor to determine the positivity of V . cholera (stool samples) by culture and the levels of IL-1 beta with immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) (blood samples) by ELISA. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. The current study reveal s that 70% (n = 70) of patients with diarrhea ha d V . cholera with a significant variation. Most patients with V . cholera we re 21 – 40 years old (54.3%) and 41 – 60 years old (28.6%), lived in a rural area (81.4%), ha d a fever ≤37 o C (78.6%), ha d watery stools (100 .0 %), ha d no blood in the stool (85.7%), ha d abdominal pain (72.9%), or ha d vomiting (88.6%). Significant differences in the levels of IL-1beta and immunoglobulin (IgM and IgA) we re detected between V . cholera patients and healthy controls. Finally, these bacteria did not significantly affect the levels of human IgG. It has been concluded that the culture method is suitable for det ecting V . cholera in stool samples. The incidence of cholera has increased in rural regions due to the loss of teaching about health and hygiene . Bacterial toxins play a significant role in inactivating macrophages that release IL-1beta via pyrin and the NLRP3 inflammasome.IL-1beta leads to increased inflammation due to its proinflammatory effect. The human serum levels of IgM and IgA immunoglobulins are more strongly affected by V . cholera than are those of IgG.

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