Pathoanatomic changes in carcasses of broilers following complex use of preparations based on lactic acid and chlorine dioxide and probiotic supplements in the diet

Abstract

Chicken farming is one of the commonest and most available sources of dietary chicken meat in diet of most people, and methods of intensive raising of broiler chickens make this sphere increasingly profitable. A complex use of probiotic and biocide preparations in commercial breeding of broiler chickens is based on the principle of environmental cleanliness+health balance: Biocides (based, for example, on lactic acid or chloride dioxide) destroy pathogenic micr o organisms in the environment (premises, equipment, water), preventing initial infection of the chickens and formation of biofilms, while probiotics ( Lactobacillus , Bacillus , Bifidobacterium , etc.) colonize the intestines of chickens, compet i tively inhibiting pathogens ( Salmonella , E. coli , Clostridium ), thereby stimulating the immunity and improving feed metabolism. The broiler chickens raised according to the traditional raising method experienced a complex of subclin i cal conditions, such as protein myocardiodystrophy (71.3 % of the chickens), protein steatosis (14.2 % of the chickens), protein nephrotic syndrome (100 .0 % of the ch ickens), proventriculitis (81.3 % of the chickens), catarrhal inflammation of the small intestine (76.2% of the chickens), early thymic involution (100 .0 % of the chickens), and involution of cloacal sac (100 .0 % of the chickens). On the other hand, no subclinical organ damages were observed in all the broiler chickens raised using a new probiotic complex that contains a probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis , B. licheniformis , B. coagulans , Enterococcus faecium , Lactococcus lactis , magnesium, chitosan, enzymes, grist of Silybum , given in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of feed on days 1–7 and 22–27, and a probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis , B . amyloliquefaciens , and aluminosilicate, which was evenly sprayed in a room for poultry in a calculation of 10–30 g/m 2 on days 7 and 22. That is, this method allowed producing safe high-quality meat products without residual antibiotics, and also improving the quality of offal (heart, liver, stomach), which enter domestic and foreign markets. However, their gain in live mass did not statistically significantly differ from that in the broiler chickens raised using the traditional technique. When raising broiler chickens using a biocide based on chlorine dioxide in a dose of 1.0 mg/L of water and a biocide based on lactic acid, sp rayed in a concentration of 0.5 %, 0.3 – 0.5 L/m², with a three-hour exposure, we observed not only the absence of any subclinical lesions of their organs, but also a statistically significant (compared with the traditional technology of raising) increase in the live-mass gain in the broiler chickens, accounting for 18.3 ± 0.3%. Therefore, synergy of active compounds of both the groups allowed significantly reducing the use of antibiotics and decreasing mortality, while increasing the mass gains, and providing a high biosafety of the flock under intensive raising conditions. Moreover, the protective reactions of the body were successfully optimized, thereby enhancing the resistance to infections, as well as the productivity in industrial poultry farming.