Integrative model of plant immunity to pathogens and stresses: A multilevel signal-metabolic network
Abstract
The study presents an innovative integrative model of plant immune architecture, based on the utilization of autophagy as a key regulator of multilevel immune cascades. The proposed approach establishes the foundation for a new practical paradigm in crop science – “immune management,” which enables targeted regulation of the balance between autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hormonal signaling, and regenerative processes. The concept of autophagic priming provides the basis for preventive immunity, substantially enhancing both the speed and efficiency of crop adaptation to diverse pathogens and stress factors. The practical significance of this model lies in its potential for the development of immunomodulatory bioproducts, the breeding of cultivars with broad-spectrum stress resistance, and the design of flexible agro-technological schemes aimed at yield stability and reduced reliance on chemical crop protection. The integration of biological inducers, microbiome-based products, and precision farming technologies paves the way for next-generation agricultural systems capable of ensuring sustainable production under variable climatic conditions. The cumulative economic effect of implementing autophagic priming and fourth-generation bioproducts worldwide is estimated at 15–25 billion USD annually, highlighting their pote n tial as a key driver of global transformation in the crop protection market.References
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