Effect of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) on the biochemical profile of blood serum and insulin levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
References
Asgarpanah, J., & Kazemivash, N. (2013). Phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Carthamus tinctorius L. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 19(2), 153–159.
Asgary, S., Rahimi, P., Mahzouni, P., & Madani, H. (2012). Antidiabetic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Carthamus tinctorius L. in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 17(4), 386–392.
Cao, J., Tang, C., Gao, M., Rui, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Xu, B., & Yan, B. C. (2020). Hyperoside alleviates epilepsy-induced neuronal damage by enhancing antioxidant levels and reducing autophagy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 257, 112884.
Deng, L., Wan, H., Zhou, H., Yu, L., & He, Y. (2018). Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A alone or in combination with acetylglutamine on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rat: A PET study using 18F-fuorodeoxyglucose. European Journal of Pharmacology, 825, 119–132.
Dong, H., Liu, Y., Zou, Y., Li, C., Li, L., Li, X., Zhao, X., Zhou, L., Liu, J., & Niu, Y. (2013). Alteration of the ERK5 pathway by hydroxysafflor yellow A blocks expression of MEF2C in activated hepatic stellate cells in vitro: Potential treatment for hepatic fibrogenesis. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(4), 435–443.
El-Kott, A. F., Abd-Lateif, A. M., Khalifa, H. S., Morsy, K., Ibrahim, E. H., Bin-Jumah, M., Abdel-Daim, M. M., & Aleya, L. (2020). Kaempferol protects against cadmium chloride-induced hippocampal damage and memory deficits by activation of silent information regulator 1 and inhibition of poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1. Science of the Total Environment, 728, 138832.
Fan, S., Lin, N., Shan, G., Zuo, P., & Cui, L. (2014). Safflower yellow for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 22(2), 354–361.
Hamidi, S. H., Kadamboor Veethil, S., & Hamidi, S. H. (2021). Role of pirfenidone in TGF-β pathways and other inflammatory pathways in acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection: A theoretical perspective. Pharmacological Reports, 73(3), 712–727.
Han, X., Sun, S., Sun, Y., Song, Q., Zhu, J., Song, N., Chen, M., Sun, T., Xia, M., Ding, J., Lu, M., Yao, H., & Hu, G. (2019). Small molecule-driven NLRP3 inflammation inhibition via interplay between ubiquitination and autophagy: Implications for Parkinson disease. Autophagy, 15(11), 1860–1881.
He, Y., Liu, Q., Li, Y., Yang, X., Wang, W., Li, T., Zhang, W., Cui, Y., Wang, C., & Lin, R. (2015). Protective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 71(1), 69–78.
Hou, J., Wang, C., Zhang, M., Ren, M., Yang, G., Qu, Z., & Hu, Y. (2020). Safflower yellow improves the synaptic structural plasticity by ameliorating the disorder of glutamate circulation in Aβ1-42-induced AD model rats. Neurochemical Research, 45(8), 1870–1887.
Huang, X., Qin, F., Zhang, H. M., Xiao, H. B., Wang, L. X., Zhang, X. Y., & Ren, P. (2009). Cardioprotection by guanxin II in rats with acute myocardial infarction is related to its three compounds. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 121(2), 268–273.
Huang, Y. F., Bai, C., He, F., Xie, Y., & Zhou, H. (2020). Review on the potential action mechanisms of Chinese medicines in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pharmacological Research, 158, 104939.
Huo, Y., Yi, B., Chen, M., Wang, N., Chen, P., Guo, C., & Sun, J. (2014). Induction of Nur77 by hyperoside inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal formation. Biochemical Pharmacology, 92(4), 590–598.
Jiang, S., Shi, Z., Li, C., Ma, C., Bai, X., & Wang, C. (2014). Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury by suppressing macrophage activation. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 7(5), 2595–2608.
Jin, M., Wu, Y., Wang, L., Zang, B., & Tan, L. (2016). Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Phytotherapy Research, 30(4), 577–587.
Kim, J., Woo, J., Lyu, J. H., Song, H. H., Jeong, H. S., Ha, K. T., Choi, J. Y., Han, C. W., Ahn, K. S., Oh, S. R., Sadikot, R. T., Kim, K. H., & Joo, M. (2014). Carthami flos suppresses neutrophilic lung inflammation in mice, for which nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-1 is required. Phytomedicine, 21(4), 470–478.
Koyama, N., Suzuki, K., Furukawa, Y., Arisaka, H., Seki, T., Kuribayashi, K., Ishii, K., Sukegawa, E., & Takahashi, M. (2009). Effects of safflower seed extract supplementation on oxidation and cardiovascular risk markers in healthy human volunteers. British Journal of Nutrition, 101(4), 568–575.
Kwon, S. H., Lee, S. R., Park, Y. J., Ra, M., Lee, Y., Pang, C., & Kim, K. H. (2019). Suppression of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress by hyperoside via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in dopaminergic neurons. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(23), 5832.
Li, C. C., Yang, C. Z., Li, X. M., Zhao, X. M., Zou, Y., Fan, L., Zhou, L., Liu, J. C., & Niu, Y. C. (2012). Hydroxysafflor yellow A induces apoptosis in activated hepatic stellate cells through ERK1/2 pathway in vitro. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46(5), 397–404.
Li, M. X., He, X. R., Tao, R., & Cao, X. (2014). Phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus pedicularis used in traditional Chinese medicine. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 42(5), 1071–1098.
Liao, H., Banbury, L., Liang, H., Wang, X., Lü, X., Hu, L., & Wu, J. (2014). Effect of honghua (Flos carthami) on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells and alpha-glucosidase activity. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine, 34(3), 362–368.
Liu, Y., Huang, Y., Zhao, C., Qin, X., Zhu, Q., Chen, S., & Qu, J. (2014). Salvia miltiorrhiza injection on pulmonary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 42(6), 1315–1331.
Liu, Y., Lian, Z., Zhu, H., Wang, Y., Yu, S., Chen, T., Qu, J., Li, J., Ma, S., & Chen, X. (2013). A systematic, integrated study on the neuroprotective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A revealed by (1)H NMR-based metabonomics and the NF-κB pathway. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 147362.
Lv, Y., Qian, Y., Ou-Yang, A., & Fu, L. (2016). Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates neuron damage by suppressing the lipopolysaccharide-induced TLR4 pathway in activated microglial cells. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 36(8), 1241–1256.
Ma, Q., Ruan, Y. Y., Xu, H., Shi, X. M., Wang, Z. X., & Hu, Y. L. (2015). Safflower yellow reduces lipid peroxidation, neuropathology, tau phosphorylation and ameliorates amyloid β-induced impairment of learning and memory in rats. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 76, 153–164.
Meng, Q., Liu, H., Wu, H., Shun, D., Tang, C., Fu, X., Fang, X., Xu, Y., Chen, B., Xie, Y., & Liu, Q. (2022). A network pharmacology study to explore the underlying mechanism of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022, 3242015.
Pan, R., Zhang, Y., Zheng, M., Zang, B., & Jin, M. (2017). Hydroxysafflor yellow A suppresses MRC-5 cell activation induced by TGF-β1 by blocking TGF-β1 binding to TβRII. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, 264.
Qi, Z., Yan, F., Shi, W., Zhang, C., Dong, W., Zhao, Y., Shen, J., Ji, X., Liu, K. J., & Luo, Y. (2014). AKT-related autophagy contributes to the neuroprotective efficacy of hydroxysafflor yellow A against ischemic stroke in rats. Translational Stroke Research, 5(4), 501–509.
Ruan, Y. Y., Zhai, W., Shi, X. M., Zhang, L., & Hu, Y. L. (2016). Safflower yellow ameliorates cognition deficits and reduces tau phosphorylation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Metabolic Brain Disease, 31(5), 1133–1142.
Shi, X. M., Zhang, H., Zhou, Z. J., Ruan, Y. Y., Pang, J., Zhang, L., Zhai, W., & Hu, Y. L. (2018). Effects of safflower yellow on beta-amyloid deposition and activation of astrocytes in the brain of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 98, 553–565.
Shirwaikar, A., Khan, S., Kamariya, Y. H., Patel, B. D., & Gajera, F. P. (2010). Medicinal plants for the management of post menopausal osteoporosis: A review. The Open Bone Journal, 2(1), 1–13.
Song, L., Zhu, Y., Jin, M., & Zang, B. (2013). Hydroxysafflor yellow a inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory signal transduction in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Fitoterapia, 84, 107–114.
Sun, Y., Xu, D.-P., Qin, Z., Wang, P.-Y., Hu, B.-H., Yu, J.-G., Zhao, Y., Cai, B., Chen, Y.-L., Lu, M., Liu, J.-G., & Liu, X. (2018). Protective cerebrovascular effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on ischemic stroke. European Journal of Pharmacology, 818, 604–609.
Suzuki, K., Tsubaki, S., Fujita, M., Koyama, N., Takahashi, M., & Takazawa, K. (2010). Effects of safflower seed extract on arterial stiffness. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 6, 1007–1014.
Takahashi, T., & Miyazawa, M. (2012). Potent α-glucosidase inhibitors from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed. Phytotherapy Research, 26(5), 722–726.
Tien, Y. C., Lin, J. Y., Lai, C. H., Kuo, C. H., Lin, W. Y., Tsai, C. H., Tsai, F. J., Cheng, Y. C., Peng, W. H., & Huang, C. Y. (2010). Carthamus tinctorius L. prevents LPS-induced TNFalpha signaling activation and cell apoptosis through JNK1/2-NFkappaB pathway inhibition in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 130(3), 505–513.
Venkatesh, S., Madhava Reddy, B., Dayanand Reddy, G., Mullangi, R., & Lakshman, M. (2010). Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Helicteres isora roots in alloxan-induced diabetic rats: A possible mechanism of action. Journal of Natural Medicines, 64(3), 295–304.
Wan, L. H., Chen, J., Li, L., Xiong, W. B., & Zhou, L. M. (2011). Protective effects of Carthamus tinctorius injection on isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 49(11), 1204–1209.
Wang, C. Y., Liu, Q., Huang, Q. X., Liu, J. T., He, Y. H., Lu, J. J., & Bai, X. Y. (2013). Activation of PPARγ is required for hydroxysafflor yellow A of Carthamus tinctorius to attenuate hepatic fibrosis induced by oxidative stress. Phytomedicine, 20(7), 592–599.
Wang, L. W., Cui, X. Y., He, J. F., Duan, S., Liu, C. R., Shan, C. B., Wang, Y., & Ma, C. M. (2021). Hydroxysafflor yellows alleviate thrombosis and acetaminophen-induced toxicity in vivo by enhancing blood circulation and poison excretion. Phytomedicine, 87, 153579.
Wang, T., Ding, Y. X., He, J., Ma, C. J., Zhao, Y., Wang, Z. H., & Han, B. (2018). Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in primary mesencephalic cultures. Molecules, 23(5), 1210.
Wang, X., Ma, Z., Fu, Z., Gao, S., Yang, L., Jin, Y., Sun, H., Wang, C., Fan, W., Chen, L., Zheng, Q. Y., Bi, G., & Ma, C. L. (2016). Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects neurons from excitotoxic death through inhibition of NMDARs. ASN Neuro, 8(2), 1759091416642345.
Wang, Y., Shi, Y., Zou, J., Zhang, X., Wang, M., Guo, D., Lv, G., Su, J., & Wang, T. (2020). The intranasal administration of Carthamus tinctorius L. extract/phospholipid complex in the treatment of cerebral infarction via the TNF-α/MAPK pathway. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 130, 110563.
Wang, Y., Xue, C., Dong, F., Peng, Y., Zhang, Y., Jin, M., Zang, B., & Tan, L. (2014). Hydroxysafflor yellow a attenuates small airway remodeling in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 37(10), 1591–1598.
Wellington, C. L., Brunham, L. R., Zhou, S., Singaraja, R. R., Visscher, H., Gelfer, A., Ross, C., James, E., Liu, G., Huber, M. T., Yang, Y. Z., Parks, R. J., Groen, A., Fruchart-Najib, J., & Hayden, M. R. (2003). Alterations of plasma lipids in mice via adenoviral-mediated hepatic overexpression of human ABCA1. Journal of Lipid Research, 44(8), 1470–1480.
Xie, W., Chen, C., Jiang, Z., Wang, J., Melzig, M. F., & Zhang, X. (2015). Apocynum venetum attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 43(3), 457–476.
Yan, T., He, B., Xu, M., Wu, B., Xiao, F., Bi, K., & Jia, Y. (2019). Kaempferide prevents cognitive decline via attenuation of oxidative stress and enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B/cAMP response element-binding signaling pathway. Phytotherapy Research, 33(4), 1065–1073.
Yin, B., Xu, Y., Wei, R., & Luo, B. (2014). Ginkgo biloba on focal cerebral ischemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 42(4), 769–783.
Zhang, L., Zhou, Z., Zhai, W., Pang, J., Mo, Y., Yang, G., Qu, Z., & Hu, Y. (2019). Safflower yellow attenuates learning and memory deficits in amyloid β-induced Alzheimer's disease rats by inhibiting neuroglia cell activation and inflammatory signaling pathways. Metabolic Brain Disease, 34(3), 927–939.
Zhang, Y., Guo, J., Dong, H., Zhao, X., Zhou, L., Li, X., Liu, J., & Niu, Y. (2011). Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects against chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. European Journal of Pharmacology, 660(2–3), 438–444.
Zhou, X., Tang, L., Xu, Y., Zhou, G., & Wang, Z. (2014). Towards a better understanding of medicinal uses of Carthamus tinctorius L. in traditional Chinese medicine: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(1), 27–43.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons «Attribution» 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.


